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Culture:
Date:1783-1817
Contributor:Barton, Benjamin Smith, 1766-1815 | McAtee, William L.
Subject:Botany | Health | Linguistics | Religion | Rites and ceremonies | Zoology
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies
Extent:107 pages
Description: These letters authored by Benjamin Barton Smith to various correspondents discuss Indian vocabulary words for birds, earthquakes, and animals of their domestic economy. Smith solicits information about Indian beliefs about health, nursing, menstration, animal sacrifice, Indian Bible, origins of Indian tribes, white race, Orthography and spelling, chief's political power, and comparative linguistic analysis between Indian and Asiatic languages.
Collection:Violetta Delafield-Benjamin Smith Barton Collection (Mss.B.B284d)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Date:1792-1897
Contributor:Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844 | Turner, George, 1750-1843 | Thorburn, John | Townsend, Thomas | Morris, J. Cheston (James Cheston), 1831-1923 | Sargent, Winthrop, 1753-1820 | Smith, Charles | Squier, E. G. (Ephraim George), 1821-1888 | Turner, George, 1750-1843 | Miller, Samuel | Cushing, Frank Hamilton, 1857-1900 | Cutler, Manasseh, 1742-1823 | Forshey, Caleb Goldsmith, 1812-1881 | Hullihen, S. P. (Simon P.), 1810-1857 | Short, Charles Wilkins, 1794-1863 | Thomas, Isaiah, 1773-1835
Subject:Linguistics | Missions | Mounds | Inscriptions | Petroglyphs | Archaeology | Funeral rites and ceremonies
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Reports | Memoranda | Sketches
Extent:28 items
Description: Items relating to materials about the Native peoples of Eastern North America. Topics include papers and articles, particularly those considered for publication (on the relation of pentagonal dodecahedron found near Marietta, Ohio, to shamanism; memoir on aboriginal monuments; memoir of Dr. Charles D. Meigs on bones and burial customs; multiple items regarding a letter from S. P. Hullihen to Dr. Richard Harlan regarding inscription on a stone found at Grave Creek near Wheeling, and Thomas Townsend's claim to prior publication rights to Grave Creek inscription; Caleb Forshey's paper describing a great mound in Adams County, Mississippi; Cushing's publication on exploration of ancient key dwellers' remains on the Gulf Coast of Florida; a response to Henry Phillips' article on supposed runic inscriptions at Yarmouth, Nova Scotia); requests for information or materials (Samuel Miller's request for copies of designated Indian vocabularies of Delaware, Cherokee, Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Osage, for training missionaries of United Foreign Missionary Society); donations to APS ("curiosities" taken from Indian grave near Cincinnati; relics and fossil shells found in Huntingdon County, West Virginia;"western productions"); Peter S. du Ponceau's work on Southern Indian languages and customs (including Creek, Natchez, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Yuchi), Indian vocabularies, and for APS; information from Judge William C. Frazer (Wisconsin Territory, Superior County), concerning discovery of burned bricks in Aztalan Mound, Jefferson County, Wisconsin; Cutler's estimation of age of Ohio mounds referred to in Barton (1787) using tree-ring dating; sketch of the plan of an ancient work three miles southeast of Lexington (Kentucky); American Antiquarian Society's plans to publish a volume on mounds based on Caleb Atwater's data; and comparative vocabularies of British Columbia tribes. Other individuals mentioned include Murray, Duralde, Colonel Smith, Benjamin Hawkins, Robley Dunglison, Isaac Lea, Benjamin W. Richards, George M. Wharton, Nathaniel Ware, General Wayne, Dr. Tolmie, George M. Dawson, and Abelard Tomlinson.
Collection:American Philosophical Society Archives (APS.Archives)
Culture:
Date:1880-1932
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Calhoun, Morgan, 1863?-1927 | West Long, Will, 1870-1947 | Mooney, James, 1861-1921 | Wolf, James | Witthoft, John
Subject:Botany | Ethnography | Medicine | Religion | Linguistics
Type:Text
Genre:Notebooks | Diaries | Account books | Records | Ledgers | Vocabularies | Transcriptions
Extent:22 items
Description: The Frank Speck Cherokee Collection consists of diaries, accounts, and medicinal texts in Cherokee (syllabary) collected by Will West Long and Morgan Calhoun, accompanied by notes by Speck and John Witthoft. These include several diaries kept by Long (mostly 1904-1917), records of the Gadugi (a Cherokee mutual aid group), accounts, records of births and deaths at Big Cove, and material collected on Cherokee botany collected by James Mooney in 1887. Several of the items contain information on Cherokee medicine, including formulae and curing charms. Many of these items have been designated as culturally sensitive and may not be reproduced, nor photographed in the Reading Room.
Collection:Frank Gouldsmith Speck Cherokee Collection (Mss.572.97.Sp3L)
Culture:
Yuchi includes: Euchee
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa
Koasati includes: Coushatta
Catawba includes: Iswa
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Cocopah includes: Cocopa, Kwapa, Kwii Capáy, Cucapá
Atakapa includes: Atacapa
Biloxi includes: Tanêks, Tanêksa
Date:circa 1962-1983
Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989 | Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Sturtevant, William C.
Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Hokan languages | Yuman languages | Muskogean languages | California--History | Botanical specimens | Oklahoma--History | Education
Type:Text | Three-dimensional object
Genre:Drafts | Reviews | Essays | Notes | Field notes | Notebooks | Specimens | Newspaper clippings | Correspondence
Extent:29 folders
Description: This entry is intended to encompass materials relating to James M. Crawford's interest in and study of Native North American languages. These items tend to be too general, too diffuse, or too vague in nature to easily fit under clear cultural or linguistic umbrellas. In Series III-D. Works by Crawford--Other, these items include "A Brief Account of the Indian Tribes of Northeast Georgia" (1962), a paper Crawford submitted in his Linguistics 170 class at Berkeley; Crawford's largely negative review of "Native Americans and Their Languages" by Roger Owen (1978); a typed copy of Crawford's "A Phonological Comparison of the Speech of Two Communities in California: East Bay and El Centro" (1964); typed drafts (with handwritten sections and penciled edits) of Crawford's "The Phonological Sequence ya in Words Pertaining to the Mouth in Southeastern and Other Indian Languages," which appeared in the volume “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages,” which he edited (1975); and three folders pertaining to Crawford's other work on the edited volume “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages,” including drafts, edits, notes, etc., of the preface and introduction Crawford wrote for the volume as well as exhaustive notes on bibliographic sources for several indigenous languages, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, Apalachee, Houma, Creek (Mukogean), Hitchiti, Seminole, Mobilian Jargon, Mikasuki, Alabama, Quapaw, Atakapa, Chitimacha, Timucua, Yuchi, Tuscarora, etc. (1970s). In Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks—Other, items include a folder titled “Columbus Museum,” dated to July 1969, with research notes pertaining to Yuchi, Choctaw, Alabama-Koasati, Cherokee, etc., including the names and addresses of many potential language consultants for Yuchi, Shawnee, Catawba, Cherokee, etc., including some of the same people he visits in 1976 as described in “Mobilian Search—Notebook”; a folder labeled “Dialect Study (El Centro, East Bay),” with mostly handwritten notes and drafts pertaining to his "A Phonological Comparison of the Speech of Two Communities in California: East Bay and El Centro" (1964); “Haas Miscellany,” containing an Algonquian language chart attributed to Haas and two scraps of paper pertaining to her; “Miscellany,” containing notes on Maricopa, Digueno, Cocopa, Koasati, etc., as well as a plant specimen identified as Euphorbia chamaesyce; “Numerals from Indian Languages,” containing undated notes on numerals in Natchez, Muskogean, Hokan, Pomoan, Yukian, Wintun, Salinan, Esselen, Chumash, etc.; “Reconnaissance of Southeastern Indian Languages—Notebook,” a 1969 field notebook of a research trip mentioning numerous language consultants (Mrs. Rufus George, Yuchi and Cherokee, and Claude Medford, Creek?, prominent among them) and possible consultants, Choctaw, Seminole, Mikasuki, Cherokee, Lumbee, Creek, Chitimacha, Chickasaw, Shawnee, Yuchi, Tunica, Biloxi, Natchez, etc. people and languages, and commentary about relations between various groups, especially with Oklahoma groups [This item appears to be related to Crawford's research into the see also Mobilian materials]; “Mrs. Terrell—Notebook,” which contains a notebook of unidentified indigenous words elicited from consultants Mrs. Terrell and Mrs. Fletcher in April-May 1969; and “Unidentified,” containing sheets with a text in an unidentified indigenous language and its English translation. In Series VI. Course Material, there is a folder of materials relating to Crawford's coursework at Berkley, including “American Indian Languages--Linguistics 170 [1962]” as well as some Native North American material in an undated folder labeled “Seminars: 290a Theory; 290g American Indian Languages; Dialectology 216; 225; 130 Phonology—Notebook.” In Series II. Subject Files, there are materials relating to Crawford's research into to Mobilian, Cocopah, and Yuchi in “American Council of Learned Societies”; materials relating to his work in bilingual education under Title VII, particularly with the Yuchi in Oklahoma, in “Bilingual Education”; news clippings related to the work of Crawford and others in “Clippings”; records of payments to indigenous language consultants in “Informants' Receipts”; materials relating to Crawford's work with the Southeastern Indian Language Project via application materials in “National Science Foundation #1” and “National Science Foundation #2”; one folder of readers' reviews (pre-publication) and another folder of post-publication reviews of “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages”; and a grant proposal to do field work to study Yuchi in Sapulpa, Oklahoma in “University of Georgia—Grant Proposal,” in which Crawford outlines not only his proposed study but some historical information about Yuchi people and language. Finally, Series I. Correspondence contains many exchanges about Crawford's work on Native North American languages. Most of this correspondence revolves around Crawford's submission of papers and articles to academic conferences and publishers. The most interesting items include a letter from Ilona May (Thomas) Keyaite, the daughter of a Cocopah consultant; letters and notes about 1735 drawings of Yuchi and Creek Indians in Georgia in a folder labelled “Sturtevant, William C.” [1977-1978]. This series also includes various letters and notes from the University of Georgia recognizing Crawford's professional accomplishments and awards, and a few letters documenting the difficult publication history of the volume on Southeastern Indian Languages.
Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)
Culture:
Date:1862; 1913-1996
Contributor:Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn | Goldenweiser, Alexander A., 1880-1940 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Abler, Thomas S., (Thomas Struthers), 1941-2019 | Day, Gordon M. | Hewitt, J. N. B. (John Napoleon Brinton), 1859-1937 | Latham, Robert Gordon, 1812-1888 | Lyford, Carrie A., (Carrie Alberta) | Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Thomas, George | Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Pendergast, James F., 1921-2000 | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Tooker, Elisabeth, 1927-2004
Subject:Linguistics | Religion | Rites and ceremonies | Medicine | Masks | Place names | Cosmology | Crafts | Ethnography
Type:Text | Sound recording
Description: The Haudenosaunee materials in the Lounsbury Papers are vast in scope ranging from ceremonial recordings in Series VII to secondary sources in Series II to Lounsbury's own linguistic work among the Haudenosaunee (see notes on Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Oneida, and Onondaga materials). The correspondence, in Series I, includes notes by Marius Barbeau on six Iroquoian language varieties, a recording of the Condolence Ceremony recited by George Thomas, Gordon Day's work on Iroquois place names in Vermont, William Fenton's work on Iroquois-Cherokee linguistic relations, a manuscript of Mary Haas' comments on FGL's "Iroquois-Cherokee Linguistic Relations," George Harnell's work on Iroquois culture, Gunther Michelson's work on Iroquois place names, James Pendergast's study of longhouse construction and LaSalle's 1669-1670, Morris Swadesh's notes on the Caughnawaga Iroquois in Brooklyn, NY, Elisabeth Tooker on Iroquois cosmology, a manuscript of Iroquois grammar by Carl Voeglin, William Wykoff's study of Iroquois prehistory.
Collection:Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.95)
Culture:
Date:1881; 1895; 1909; 1932
Contributor:Cuoq, J. A. (Jean André), 1821-1898 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Fogelson, Raymond D. | Hale, Horatio, 1817-1896 | Harrington, M. R. (Mark Raymond), 1882-1971 | Hewitt, J. N. B. (John Napoleon Brinton), 1859-1937 | Siebert, Frank T. (Frank Thomas), 1912-1998 | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950
Subject:History | Treaties | Warfare | Linguistics | Rites and ceremonies | Social life and customs | Religion | Cosmology | Ethnography | Population
Type:Text
Genre:Dictionaries | Grammars | Vocabularies
Extent:178 pages
Description: The Haudenosaunee materials in the Frank Siebert Papers are confined mostly to Series III, subsection C, "Texts." On interest are early historical accounts from the 17th century; accounts by Iroquois informants; and a relatively small amount of linguistic materials.
Collection:Frank Siebert Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.97)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:January 22, 1736; 1744-1774; November 3, 1768; March 14, 1792; 1794; March 10, 1796; August 28, 1817; October 7, 1892; November 11, 1913; November 20, 1913; 1952; 1953-1954; September 1954; Undated
Contributor:Logan, James, 1674-1751 | Chamberlain, Jason, 1783-1821 | Wallace, Paul A. W. | Leland, Marine | Morris, Robert, 1734-1806 | Pickering, Timothy, 1745-1829 | Eyerly, Jacob | Horsford, Eben Norton, 1818-1893 | Newhouse, Seth | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1881-1955 | Snyderman, George S., 1908-2000
Subject:Treaties | Diplomacy | Land transfers | Land grants | Boundaries | Moravians | Missions | Pennsylvania--History | Virginia--History | Linguistics | Orthography and spelling | Massachusetts--History | Indian captivities | Indian agents | Great Law of Peace
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Essays | Journals | Speeches | Records | Deeds | Pictographs | Transcriptions
Extent:14 items
Description: Relavent materials can be found in the finding aid under the specific dates listed. A variety of materials relating to the Haudenosaunee. Eighteenth-century materials include James Logan's treaty instructions to Conrad Weiser in 1736/7; examples of symbols used in treaty signatures by chiefs; miscellaneous items relating to treaties, Indian raids, and land transfers in Virginia;a 1768 deed of land to William Trent; using the Haudenosaunee to make peace with western tribes; Indian agents' accounts, and a journal of a survey of Moravian lands in the Erie triangle translated and edited by Paul A. W. Wallace. Nineteenth-century materials include correspondence regarding Iroquois language and an Iroquois census. Twentieth-century materials include lectures given by Wallace and Leland (on Benjamin Franklin, and on the Deerfield massacre and Eleazer Williams' claim to be the Lost Dauphin, respectively); correspondence between Newhouse and Parker about Newhouse's manuscript history of the "Five Nations Union," the Society of American Indians and possible creation of a Society of Canadian Indians; and Snyderman's essay on ethnohistory, particularly through materials at the American Philosophical Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Quaker Historical Association, and the Haverford College Library. Other individuals mentioned include Shekallemy, Samuel Kirkland, Alfred, Street, Captain Brant, LIttle Billy, George Hoopaugh, Jacob Harmon, John Williams, Warham Williams, Madame de Pentigny, Captain John Stoddard, and John H. Hanson.
Collection:Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection (Mss.Ms.Coll.200)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:circa 1925-1967
Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887-1949 | Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn | Wells, Herman B
Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Iroquoian languages | Folklore | Ethnography
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Notebooks | Stories | Grammars
Extent:6 folders
Description: There are some materials relating to Iroquoian languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials labeled as "Iroquois" or "Iroquoian." Researchers should also view the entries for specific Iroquoian languages and culture groups (i.e., Oneida, Seneca, Cherokee). Iroquoian materials are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there is relevant correspondence with Floyd Lounsbury (regarding Oneida, Seneca, and Cherokee work) and Herman B Wells (to William Fenton regarding sending Voegelin to the Iroquois Conference accompanied by slips of notes including potential language consultants including Leroy Cooper, Sherman and Clara Red Eye, Jesse Cornplanter, and Will Bomberry) in Series I. Correspondence; and one folder each of Iroquois (an exam bluebook containing notes on Iroquois history, documentary sources, and some words) and Siouan-Iroquois material (a word list) in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-A: Language Notes. In Subcollection II, there are Ojibwe stories about the Iroquois people (Haudenosaunee) titled "Iroquois War near Spanish River," "War with the Iroquois," and "Another Iroquois attack repulsed" in Ojibwe Texts IV, an arrangement of texts by Leonard Bloomfield located in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian. Finally, there is a folder of Iroquoian materials in Subseries IV. Macro-Siouan, also of Series II. Research Notes.
Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)
Culture:
Date:1900-1951
Contributor:Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Cooke, Charles, 1870-1958
Subject:Folklore | Linguistics | New York (State)--History | Pennsylvania--History | Ontario--History | Québec (Province)--History | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Personal names | Essays | Vocabularies | Stories
Extent:1380 pages
Description: This manuscript is an alphabetical list of about 6200 Iroquoian names, collected over 5 decades by Charles Cooke (Thawennensere), a Mohawk scholar from Wahta. Each entry includes the name in its Mohawk rendering, with phonetic spelling, gender, tribe, location, date, and clan. The name is then analyzed by radicals, with historical information about its bearer (where relevant). Cross reference to variants and from English names of Indians. Preface by Cooke, edited by C. Marius Barbeau, classifies names and gives numbers and sex. This item has been fully digitized and can be viewed online. See also an accompanying audio collection (Mss.Rec.10), listed separately in this guide, in which Cooke reads the majority of the names.
Collection:Iroquois personal names (Mss.497.3.C772)