Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

Description: This volume contains extracts of Benjamin Smith Barton's "New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America" (Philadelphia, 1797), with additions by Peter S. Du Ponceau. The bulk of the volume is comprised of word list of 54 words with equivalents listed in a range of 50-70 languages. While Barton listed no authority, Du Ponceau cited sources. Languages with words listed include Chitimacha, Atakapa, Cherokee, Osage, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Nottoway, Kansa, Omaha, Dakota, Pawnee, Nanticoke, Gros Ventres, Miami, Mi'kmaq, Seminole, Quapaw, Yuchi, Delaware, Ojibwe, Shawnee, Seneca, Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, Oneida, Tuscarora, Natches, Wyandot, Creek, Mahican, Mohegan, and many others. The word list includes the terms for God, heaven, and sky, as well as various terms relating to kinship, parts of the body, weather, and more. The volume also includes notes on sounds of the Otomi (Othomi) observations on declension; observations about the Omaha, Kansa, Oto, Arkansas, and Missouri languages; and notes on symbol and sound. Also includes a newspaper clipping of a review (in German) of Barton's "New Views" that appeared in "Göttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen," June 17, 1799.

Collection:A comparative vocabulary of Indian languages (Mss.497.B28)

Go to the collection

Algonquian materials, American Philosophical Society Archives

Culture:

Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot

Wampanoag includes: Wôpanâak

Shawnee

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Nanticoke

Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1816-1888

Contributor:Reynolds, Henry Lee | Horsford, Eben Norton, 1818-1893 | Tooker, William Wallace, 1848-1917 | Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844

Subject:Labrador--History | Linguistics | Place names | Material culture

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Minutes

Extent:8 items

Description: Materials relating to Alonguian languages and cultures, as well as to the publication of pieces on those subjects. Topics include an essay submitted by Reynolds on Algonquian metalsmiths; Tooker's request for a copy of Heckewelder's comparative Algonquian vocabularies for his work on Long Island place names; two letters revolving around Horsford's efforts to publish the American Philosophical Society manuscript of Heckewelder's comparative Algonquian vocabulary with his edition of Zeisberger's Onondaga dictionary; Du Ponceau on Native languages described as Huron, Delaware, Minsi, Mohicon, Natick, Chippeway, Shawanoe and Nanticoke; and two items relating to a manuscript found on the coast of Labrador which Du Ponceau presented to the APS in facsimile and which he believed to be Algonquian.

Collection:American Philosophical Society Archives (APS.Archives)

Go to the collection

Algonquian materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Shawnee

Penobscot

Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Cheyenne

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Blackfeet includes: Blackfoot, Niitsítapi, Siksika, Siksikaitsitapi

Date:circa 1930s-1960s

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Algonquian languages | New England--History | Orthography and spelling

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:25 folders, 1 box

Description: There are many materials relating to Algonquian languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials labeled as Algonquian or Macro-Algonquian, or having to do with several Algonquian languages in a general way. Researchers should also view the entries for specific Algonquian languages and culture groups. Algonquian materials are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there is relevant correspondence with Leonard Bloomfield (regarding an inscription on a silver bracelet; Bloomfield's "Menomini Grammar"), Charles Hockett (with questions about Voegelin's article on Delaware and examples from other Algonquian languages), and Morris Swadesh (including a brief Stockbridge vocabulary and a slip of Moravian Delaware) in Series I. Correspondence; 1 box of comparative Algonquian vocabulary and grammar in Series II. and several linguistic maps (i.e., "Algonquian language text with illustrations" and "Linguistic classification of the Southern New England Algonquians"), particularly of the Potawatomi, Delaware, and Shawnee, to accompany the texts of Voegelin's work on Algonquian languages, in Series VII. Photographs. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence from Eric Hamp (to Ives Goddard regarding preparation of Arapaho and Algonquian works) and Frank Speck (to Edward Sapir regarding his work on Mi'kmaq and other northern Algonquian languages and societies) in Series I. Correspondence. There is also an entire subseries devoted to Macro-Algonquian: Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian of Series II. Research Notes. This subseries contains a grammatical sketch of Algonquian by Leonard Bloomfield (135 pages of typescript with handwritten edits and 7 interleaved pages of notes by Voegelin); another "Sketch of Algonquian" by Bloomfield consisting of a notebook (approx. 45 pages) and handwritten notes (approx. 80 pages); 5 folders of notebooks focusing on beginning sounds ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," and "Θ and ?"), drawing from Pacific Coast Algonquian ("PCA"), Fox [Meskwaki], Plains Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwe; 3 folders of other comparative Algonquian notebooks organized by general nouns, body parts, kinship terms, numerals, and verbs; miscellaneous Algonquian notes; and specimens of Central Algonquian, including short texts in Fox [Meskwaki], Ojibwe, Menominee, and Plains Cree, with English translations. The rest of the material in the Macro-Algonquian folder is organized according to specific languages: Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Fox (Meskwaki), Kutenai [Ktunaxa culture], Ojibwe, Penobscot, and Shawnee. Finally, there is an article titled "Some Observations on Algonquian Phonology" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries I: General works; an incomplete typed draft of Bloomfield's "Sketch of Algonquian" in Series IV. Works by Others; and a "Linguistic map of Southern New England" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries V: American Indian Languages.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

Go to the collection

Catawba materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Wateree includes: Wataree

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Shawnee

Powhatan

Pamunkey

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Houma

Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Creek

Catawba includes: Iswa

Cheraw includes: Saraw

Cherokee

Language:English | Catawba

Date:1914-1947

Subject:Ethnography | Anthropology | Linguistics | South Carolina--History

Type:Text

Extent:21 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Catawba history, language, and culture. This includes Speck's correspondence with indigenous consultants such as Red Thunder Cloud, Chief Sam Blue, and Leola Blue (Catawba) and Will West Long and Climbing Bear (Cherokee); correspondence with other anthropologists and linguists, such as John Reed Swanton, William N. Fenton, Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, C.F. Voegelin, Morris Swadesh, A. I. Hallowell, Mary Haas, and others; genealogies of twentieth-century Catawba consultants; a Catawba bibliography; notes on topics including Catawba division of time, travel and expedition, food resources, racial status in the South, and notes, possibly for a lecture, titled "The Catawba-A Small Nation Deflated"; a University of Pennsylvania student's essay on Catawba tribal correspondence with J. Walter Fewkes about Speck's Catawba field trips; field notebooks devoted to ethnologic notes, vocabulary, texts, songs, and other linguistic and cultural data; and collections of notes devoted to Catawba language and texts, general ethnological notes, and miscellaneous notes. Some of the notes and notebooks and much of the correspondence mentions other indigenous groups as well.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

Go to the collection

Catawba materials, Selections from the correspondence of the Honourable James Logan

Culture:

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Shawnee

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Catawba includes: Iswa

Cherokee

Language:English

Date:1737-1751

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Instructions

Extent:19 items

Description: Correspondence between James Logan, other royal and propriety officials, and various Native groups regarding Native affairs. Topics include Catawba relations with Cherokees, Haudenosaunee, and other Native groups; Catawba relations with various colonies; efforts to preserve peace among Britain's Native allies; fears about effect of inter-Native warfare during King George's War; and efforts to arrange a peace treaty between the Catawbas and the Haudenosaunee. Individuals mentioned include Schermerhorn and Conrad Weiser.

Collection:Selections from the correspondence of the Honourable James Logan, 1699-1750 (Mss.B.L82)

Go to the collection

Chowan materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Shawnee

Chowanoke includes: Chowanoc

Language:English

Date:Undated

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950

Subject:North Carolina--History | Warfare

Type:Text

Genre:Notes

Extent:1 folder

Description: The Chowan materials in the Frank G. Speck Papers consist of one folder labeled III(7B5c), "Tuscarora -- c. Reading notes on the Chowan (incorporated by Tuscarora)." It consists of one page of reading notes on the Chowans, taken from the North Carolina Colonial Records, regarding encroachments of colonists, incorporation by Tuscaroras in 1733, land sale in 1735. Two pages of reading notes on the Mattamuskeet Indians, 1713-1728, from same source, particularly relating to Tuscarora War and mentioning Coree Indians as well. Three notecards labelled "Tutelo" (taken from General John S. Clark), "Suwanoos" (Shawnees, also taken from Clark), and "Nessoneicks" (taken from Bland, Discovery of New Brittaine).

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

Go to the collection

Comparative vocabularies of several Indian languages

Culture:

Unkechaug includes: Unquachog

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Shawnee

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Miami includes: Myaamiaki

Nanticoke

Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Cherokee

Chickasaw

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Creek

Chitimacha

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Algonquin

Atakapa includes: Atacapa

Date:n.d., 1792-1808?; 1802-1808

Contributor:Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826

Subject:Linguistics

Type:Text

Genre:Vocabularies

Extent:1 volume

Description: 4 pages of words from Jefferson's standard form, with equivalents in Mohiccon and three other languages numbered as 1, 6, 7 (Mohiccon), and 8. A comparative vocabulary of 22 languages, arranged tabularly to follow Jefferson's standard printed vocabulary form. Languages include Delaware, Unami, Monsi, Chippewa, Knisteneaux, Algonquin, Tawa, Shawanee, Nanticoke, Mohiccon, Unkechaug, Oneida, Cayuga, Onondaga, Miami, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Tuscarora, Chetimacha, and Atacapa.

Collection:Comparative vocabularies of several Indian languages (Mss.497.J35)

Go to the collection

Delaware materials, Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers

Culture:

Shawnee

Odawa includes: Ottawa

Miami includes: Myaamiaki

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Illinois Confederation

Language:English

Date:circa 1730-1990, bulk 1947-1956

Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Becker, Marshall Joseph | Witthoft, John | Hunter, William A. (William Albert), 1908- | Weslager, C. A. (Clinton Alfred), 1909-1994

Type:Text

Extent:44 folders, 1 box

Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 44 folders and one box of materials directly pertaining to the Delaware (also known as Lenape and Munsee) have been identified. Most of these items pertain to Wallace's personal research interest in the Delaware--beginning during his graduate studies, which led to the publication of "King of the Delawares: Teedyuscung, Delaware chief, 1700-1763" (1949), a psychoanalytic ethnohistory based on his masters thesis--and to his work as an expert witness for Native American land claims in the 1950s. There is one box containing research notecards on primary and secondary sources in Series III. Notecards. There are eight folders of notes, drafts, and other materials on Teedyscung, religion and revitalization, women, land, political organization, and other topics in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional. There are two folders on "The Forbidden Path: Teedyuscung's Embassy to the Western Indians in 1760" by William A. Hunter and John Witthoft in Series V. Works by Others. Series IX. Indian Claims contains dockets, articles, notes, tribal histories, reports, etc., relating to Wallace's work as an expert witness for Delaware land claims (and the related land claims of other groups, such as the "Ohio Tribes" and the Haudenosaunee). There are also two folders of materials on the Lenape by Wallace's student Marshall Joseph Becker in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts B. Revitalization and Culture, as well as a folder of correspondence with Becker in Series I. Correspondence. Other relevant correspondence files include those of the American National Biography, Carl Bridenbaugh, Dwight Lewis Chamberlain, Loren C. Eiseley, the Eleutherian Mills--Hagley Foundation, Herbert Goltz, Jennifer King Hodges, William A. Hunter, Ruthe Blalock Jones, Mrs. Samuel P. Kelly, Harry B. Kelsey, Jean Laub, Franklin O. Loveland, Joan Lowe, Arthur Meyes, Russell Moses, Elizabeth Pilant, Claude E. Schaefer, Frank Speck, John Tabor, University of Pennsylvania Press, C. A. Weslager, and David Wyubeek. Finally, there is a folder of material on the history of the Munsee Recitation Festival (from originals in the Buffalo Historical Society and attributed to a Delaware resident of the Six Nations reserve in Canada, Albert Shequaqknind Anthony) in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts A. Indian Research. Note that there is also considerable Delaware material filed under "Ohio Tribes," particularly in land claims cases, and researchers should view the Ohio entry as well. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.

Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)

Go to the collection

Delaware materials, Benjamin Franklin Papers

Culture:

Shawnee

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Mingo

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1756-1787

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Minutes

Extent:18 items

Description: Correspondence and minutes of conferences relating to Pennsylvania's relations with Delawares, Shawnees, and the Haudenosaunee. Land deeds and purchases, the Treaty of Easton, the Seven Years' War era, the conflict called Pontiac's War and the surrender of the Delawares and Shawnees, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the Empress of Russia and her plan for a universal dictionary, Teedyuscung and his fitness for leadership are among the topics discussed.

Collection:Benjamin Franklin Papers (Mss.B.F85)

Go to the collection

Delaware materials, Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821

Culture:

Shawnee

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw

Nanticoke

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English | German | Delaware | Unami

Date:1781-1819 and undated

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Notes | Essays

Extent:16 items

Description: These items includes notes, letters, and essays on the history, manners, and languages of Native peoples, particularly the Lenape ("Delaware"), sent by Heckewelder to the Committee and to members of the American Philosophical Society. Contains answers to queries, historical material (such as the arrival of Europeans; relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee), Indian speeches, replies to letters of Peter S. Du Ponceau, references to Swedish-Lenape translations, Indian writing, translations of English into Indian languages. Mentions Delaware individuals, both named and unnamed.

Collection:Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821 (Mss.970.1.H35c)