Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

Description: There are many materials relating to Algonquian languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials labeled as Algonquian or Macro-Algonquian, or having to do with several Algonquian languages in a general way. Researchers should also view the entries for specific Algonquian languages and culture groups. Algonquian materials are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there is relevant correspondence with Leonard Bloomfield (regarding an inscription on a silver bracelet; Bloomfield's "Menomini Grammar"), Charles Hockett (with questions about Voegelin's article on Delaware and examples from other Algonquian languages), and Morris Swadesh (including a brief Stockbridge vocabulary and a slip of Moravian Delaware) in Series I. Correspondence; 1 box of comparative Algonquian vocabulary and grammar in Series II. and several linguistic maps (i.e., "Algonquian language text with illustrations" and "Linguistic classification of the Southern New England Algonquians"), particularly of the Potawatomi, Delaware, and Shawnee, to accompany the texts of Voegelin's work on Algonquian languages, in Series VII. Photographs. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence from Eric Hamp (to Ives Goddard regarding preparation of Arapaho and Algonquian works) and Frank Speck (to Edward Sapir regarding his work on Mi'kmaq and other northern Algonquian languages and societies) in Series I. Correspondence. There is also an entire subseries devoted to Macro-Algonquian: Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian of Series II. Research Notes. This subseries contains a grammatical sketch of Algonquian by Leonard Bloomfield (135 pages of typescript with handwritten edits and 7 interleaved pages of notes by Voegelin); another "Sketch of Algonquian" by Bloomfield consisting of a notebook (approx. 45 pages) and handwritten notes (approx. 80 pages); 5 folders of notebooks focusing on beginning sounds ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," and "Θ and ?"), drawing from Pacific Coast Algonquian ("PCA"), Fox [Meskwaki], Plains Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwe; 3 folders of other comparative Algonquian notebooks organized by general nouns, body parts, kinship terms, numerals, and verbs; miscellaneous Algonquian notes; and specimens of Central Algonquian, including short texts in Fox [Meskwaki], Ojibwe, Menominee, and Plains Cree, with English translations. The rest of the material in the Macro-Algonquian folder is organized according to specific languages: Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Fox (Meskwaki), Kutenai [Ktunaxa culture], Ojibwe, Penobscot, and Shawnee. Finally, there is an article titled "Some Observations on Algonquian Phonology" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries I: General works; an incomplete typed draft of Bloomfield's "Sketch of Algonquian" in Series IV. Works by Others; and a "Linguistic map of Southern New England" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries V: American Indian Languages.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Algonquin materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Rama

Omushkego includes: Cree, Swampy, Mushkegowuk, Omushkigowack

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Nipissing includes: Nbisiing

Maya

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Chibcha includes: Muysca, Muisca

Algonquin

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English | French

Date:1912-1941 and undated

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Bailey, Alfred Goldsworthy | Weitzner, Bella

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:7 items

Description: Materials relating to both Algonquin and related Algonquian peoples, cultures, and languages. Includes Speck's notes on artifacts found near Lake Abitibi and in the Nipissing district; his Seven Islands field notes, including texts with interlinear translations, house data, names of animals, and a letter in French from Marie Louise Ambroise; sketches and comments on shoulder blade divination (scapulimancy), including notes on deer drives (including an undated note from A. Irving Hallowell) and the distribution of artifacts among Algonquin, Naskapi, and Mistissini peoples; two field notebooks containing (1) linguistic notes and informant and population data for Waswanipi, Abitibi, Temiskaming [Timiskaming], Nipissing, Algonquian and (2) Temiskaming ethnography, Wisiledjak (Wiskyjack) [Wisakedjak, a manitou] text (in English), Temagami ethnology and texts (in English), and one Iroquois legend; general information on birch-bark containers, including 37 photographs and 40 pages of notes relating to Algonquin, Cree, Ojibwe and Ktunaxa specimens, and a letter from Bella Weitzner; and a letter from A. G. Bailey sending Speck a copy of his book on Algonquians.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Blackfeet materials, ACLS collection

Culture:

Séliš-Ql̓ispé

Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Kalispel includes: Pend d'Oreille

Blackfeet includes: Blackfoot, Niitsítapi, Siksika, Siksikaitsitapi

Language:Blackfoot | English | Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille | Kutenai

Date:1916

Contributor:Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939

Subject:Linguistics

Type:Text

Genre:Vocabularies

Extent:1 page

Description: The Blackfeet materials in the ACLS collection consists of 1 item in the "Blackfoot" section of the finding aid, "Blackfoot Vocabulary" (item A2.1). This is a 1-page word list recorded by Edward Sapir, comparing Blackfoot terms for the numerals 1-10 with the corresponding terms in Kutenai and Flathead Salish.

Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)

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General indigenous materials, Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers

Culture:

Yurok includes: Pueleekla’, Puliklah

Yuki includes: Huchnom

Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead

Pomo

Nuu-chah-nulth includes: Nootka, Nutka, Aht, Westcoast

Maya

Miwok

Mojave includes: Mohave, Aha Macav

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Makah includes: Kwih-dich-chuh-aht, Qʷidiččaʔa·tx̌

Maidu

Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl

Dene includes: Athabaskan, Athapascan, Athabascan, Athapaskan

Hopi

Inca

Hupa includes: Natinixwe, Na:tinixwe, Natinook-wa, Na:tini-xwe, Hoopa

Chukchi includes: Chukchee, Чукчи, ԓыгъоравэтԓьат

Atikamekw includes: Têtes-de-Boules, Têtes de Boules, Tete de Boule

Cahuilla includes: Ivilyuqaletem, ʔívil̃uqaletem, Táxliswet

Language:English

Date:1920-1958

Contributor:Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974

Type:Text

Description: Materials from a wide range of indigenous cultures around the world are scattered throughout Series V of the A. Irving Hallowell Papers. Hallowell was interested in comparative ethnology on a number of topics including Bear Ceremonialism, textiles, artistic representations of Native people, basketry, kinship, pre-history, the development of language, family and marriage, nets and netting, etc. Much of this material constitutes Hallowell's reading notes on secondary sources and his research for very broad-based studies of humanity. Geographic regions represented in Series V include Australia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Polar regions California, Northwest coast, Southwest, and Southeast. The correspondence, in Series I, includes a very interesting, brief description of Franz Boas' first visit to the Kwakwaka'wakw community of Fort Rupert by the daughter of George Hunt in a folder labled Ronald Rohmer. There is also a letter from Edward Sapir detailing Nuu-chah-nulth bear hunting and face painting as well as sketches of netting needles.

Collection:Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.26)

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Indian language collection: the Pacific Northwest tribal languages

Culture:

Séliš-Ql̓ispé

Wenatchi includes: Wenatchee, Columbia-Wenatchi, šnp̓əšqʷáw̓šəxʷ

Yakama includes: Yakima

Syilx includes: Okanagan, Okanogan

Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead

Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu

Kalispel includes: Pend d'Oreille

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Schitsu'umsh includes: Coeur d'Alene, Skitswish

Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota

Blackfeet includes: Blackfoot, Niitsítapi, Siksika, Siksikaitsitapi

Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre

Date:1976 and undated

Contributor:Unknown

Subject:Linguistics | Jesuits | Missions | Religion

Type:Text

Genre:Microfilms | Dictionaries | Vocabularies | Grammars

Extent:21 reels

Description: These language texts, produced in the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, include dictionaries, grammars, vocabularies, and religious materials (primarily Christian) of the Assiniboine, Blackfoot (including the Piegan dialect), Chelan (an Interior Salish group speaking Columbia-Wenatchi), Coeur d'Alene, Wenatchi (Columbian), Colville (Okanagan), Crow, Kalispel (including Gros Ventre), Kutenai (Ktunaxa), Nez Perce, and Yakama (Yakima) languages. From originals on deposit by the Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus at the Pacific Northwest Indian Center, Spokane, Washington. Guide book included.

Collection:Indian language collection: the Pacific Northwest tribal languages (Mss.Film.1365)

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John Kirk Townsend Indian vocabularies collection

Culture:

Walla Walla includes: Waluulapam, Natítayt

Tlingit includes: Lingit, Łingit, Tlinkit

Syilx includes: Okanagan, Okanogan

Secwépemc includes: Shuswap

Squamish includes: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, Sko-ko-mish

Nisga'a includes: Nass, Nisgha, Nishga, Nishka, Niska, Nisqa'a

Nuxalk includes: Bella Coola, Bellacoola

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu

Klallam includes: Clallam, S'Klallam, nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əm

Klickitat includes: Klikitat

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Haida includes: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat

Heiltsuk includes: Bella Bella, Haíɫzaqv

Kalapuya

Cayuse includes: Liksiyu, Natítayt

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Dakelh includes: Carrier, ᑕᗸᒡ

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Date:1834-1836

Type:Text

Genre:Notebooks

Extent:2 volumes

Description: This collection contains two manuscript volumes collected by the naturalist John Kirk Townsend, obtained by dictation from native speakers, people of mixed ancestry, and traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. The first volume contains a collection of multiple comparative vocabulary lists of languages of modern-day Washington, Idaho, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alaska, obtained by dictation from native speakers, people of mixed ancestry, and traders of the Hudson's Bay Company. Languages included are: "Okanagan" (N̓səl̓xcin), "Attnaha" or "Shoushwap" (Secwepemctsin), "Walla Walla (Sahaptin), "Squalyamish" (Squamish / Sḵwx̱wú7mesh ?), "Nooselalum" (Klallam / nəxʷsƛ̕ay̕əm), "Haeeltzuk" (Heiltsuk), "Billichoola" (Nuxalk), "Nass" (Nisga'a), "Haidah" (Haida), "Tongaase" (Tlingit, possibly inland variety), Nez Perce, Chinook [Jargon], "Carrier or Takelhé" (Dakelh), "Kayouse" (Cayuse), and "Kootenai" (Ktunaxa). The second volume is a collection of vocabulary lists of 19 Indigenous languages, primarily of the Pacific Northwest, re-copied from earlier notes in an orderly fashion with an index and additional introductory information on the area where each language is spoken and the source of the vocabulary. 15 of the vocabularies are re-copied out from the first volume in this collection. This volume includes the languages listed for that volume, plus Cree (possibly Plains Cree), "Kalapooyah" (Kalapuya), Klikatat (Sahaptin or Yakama), and "Seauteux" (Western Ojibwa/Ojibwe).

Collection:John Kirk Townsend Indian vocabularies collection (Mss.497.3.T66)

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Ktunaxa material, Field notebooks and anthropometric data

Culture:

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Language:English | German | Kutenai

Date:1888

Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942

Subject:British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Linguistics

Type:Text

Genre:Diaries | Notebooks | Shorthand | Vocabularies

Extent:1 notebook

Description: The Ktunaxa materials in the Boas Field Notebooks and Anthropometric Data collection consist of varied linguistic or ethnographic notes, some possibly in German shorthand, located within Field notes 1888 #2.

Collection:Franz Boas early field notebooks and anthropometric data (Mss.B.B61.5)

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Ktunaxa materials, ACLS collection

Culture:

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Colville includes: sx̌ʷyʔiɬpx

Language:Chinook Jargon | English | Kutenai | Okanagan (nsyilxcən)

Date:1891, 1894, 1913-1927, 1947

Type:Text

Extent:19 notebooks, 66 bluebooks, 1052 loose pages, approx. 5600 word slips

Description: The Ktunaxa materials in the ACLS collection are extensive and concentrated primarily in the "Kutenai" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing of all contents. The earliest materials in this section linguistic manuscripts by Jesuit missionaries such as Phillippo Canestrelli (item Ku.15) and John Post (item Ku.11), as well as extensive linguistic and anthropological field notes by Alexander Chamberlain (items Ku.9 and Ku.10), all from the 1890s. Subsequently, James Teit's "Traditions and information regarding the Tonaxa" (item Ku.16) from 1913 includes ethnographic and historical information, recorded in part at Tobacco Plains. The most voluminous amount of material overall is that of Franz Boas, recorded in the 1910s, which includes numerous field notebooks, lexical files, and related notes (items Ku.1, Ku.2, Ku.3, Ku.4, Ku.5, Ku.6, Ku.7, Ku.8, and Ku.17). Finally, see also Paul Garvin's field notes from 1947, containing Lower Kutenai recorded at Bonner's Ferry, Idaho; Cranbrook, B.C.; Creston, B.C.; and Elmo, Montana (item Ku.14 for the notebooks, and Ku.13 for slips).

Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)

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Ktunaxa materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Language:English | Kutenai

Date:circa 1940-1950

Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Lewis, Oscar, 1914-1970 | Garvin, Paul L.

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes

Extent:2 folders

Description: Two items relating to the Kutenai language (Ktunaxa culture) have been identified in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. They are both in Subcollection II. They consist of correspondence with Oscar Lewis regarding Blackfoot culture and linguistic classification, particularly in relation to Kutenai, in Series I. Correspondence; and a Kutenai folder in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian. The latter folder includes a letter from Paul Garvin, October 17, 1950.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Ktunaxa materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Language:English

Date:1938-1948

Contributor:Schaeffer, Claude E.

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence

Extent:5 pages

Description: Three letters to Frank G. Speck regarding author's fieldwork at Bonner's Ferry, Idaho. Topics include hunting territory, supreme being concepts, the Rocky Boy Cree and their history, and the excavation of Irene Mound, Georgia.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)