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Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Mandan includes: Nueta
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Isleta includes: Tiwa
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Comanche includes: Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Apache includes: Inde
Apache, Western includes: Apache, San Carlos
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Language:English
Date:1939-1943
Contributor:Haskell Institute | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Giger, Leona E. | Rolland, Ann | Laulin, Reginald | Laulin, Gladys
Subject:Boarding schools | Cultural assimilation | Education | Hampton Institute | Haskell Institute
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Rosters | Correspondence | Photographs | Lantern slides
Extent:0.25 linear feet
Description: There are a few items in the Frank G. Speck Papers currently identified as relating to Indian boarding schools. In the collection guide, under Subcollection 1, Series 1, in Section XIII, "Miscellaneous," see item XIII(22H), "Haskell Institute Roster." This document lists Native students at the Haskell Institute boarding school in 1939-1940, giving name, age, address, and tribe. (The tribes of the students included are listed above at the top of this entry.) In Section IV, "Southeast," see item IV(15H3), "Yuchi miscellaneous notes," which contains a letter from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute), to Speck, April 6, 1941, as well as items under "C. Houma (Louisiana)" that relate to mission schools. In Subcollection I, Series II, Biographical Material, see letters (listed alphabetically by author) from Leona E. Giger and Ann Rolland, both students at Haskell in the early 1940s. Also see letter from "Redge" and Gladys Laulin regarding Chippewa boy returning home for dances. In Series III, Photographs, there is an undated photograph [#10-14(a)] from the Shingwauk Indian Residential School. See also school-related photos in folders "Creek #3," "Eskimo [Inuit] (Labrador) #4," "Houma #1," #2, #7, and #8, "Pamunkey #6," and "Penobscot: People #2." In Series IV, Lantern Slides, there are slides of Native and Black students at the Hampton Institute. More boarding school-related material may be identified in the collection with further research.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Date:1914-1947
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Milling, Chapman J. (Chapman James), 1901-1981 | Rights, Douglas L. (Douglas LeTell), 1891-1956 | Speck, Florence I. | Weitluner, R. J. | Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958 | Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930 | Cadwalader, John | Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Newsome, Albert Ray, 1894-1951 | Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie, 1903-1988 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Broom, Leonard | Schaeffer, Claude E. | Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Red Thunder Cloud, 1919- | Blue, Samuel Taylor, 1872-1959 | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Keiser, Albert | Blue, Leola | West Long, Will, 1870-1947 | Climbing Bear | Harris, Mrs. Nettle O. | Harris, Mrs. R. L.
Subject:Ethnography | Anthropology | Linguistics | South Carolina--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Essays | Notes | Bibliographies | Notebooks | Charts | Vocabularies | Stories
Extent:21 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Catawba history, language, and culture. This includes Speck's correspondence with indigenous consultants such as Red Thunder Cloud, Chief Sam Blue, and Leola Blue (Catawba) and Will West Long and Climbing Bear (Cherokee); correspondence with other anthropologists and linguists, such as John Reed Swanton, William N. Fenton, Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, C.F. Voegelin, Morris Swadesh, A. I. Hallowell, Mary Haas, and others; genealogies of twentieth-century Catawba consultants; a Catawba bibliography; notes on topics including Catawba division of time, travel and expedition, food resources, racial status in the South, and notes, possibly for a lecture, titled "The Catawba-A Small Nation Deflated"; a University of Pennsylvania student's essay on Catawba tribal correspondence with J. Walter Fewkes about Speck's Catawba field trips; field notebooks devoted to ethnologic notes, vocabulary, texts, songs, and other linguistic and cultural data; and collections of notes devoted to Catawba language and texts, general ethnological notes, and miscellaneous notes. Some of the notes and notebooks and much of the correspondence mentions other indigenous groups as well.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1758-1763
Contributor:Shippen, Edward, approximately 1703-1781
Subject:Warfare | Diplomacy | Fort Augusta | United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:2 items
Description: Two letters to Joseph Shippen. One (1758) mentions twelve Cherokees and one Mohawk en route to Philadelphia and then to Colonel Johnson. Cites cost of keeping them. The second (1763) discusses Indian attacks; mentions Cherokees and Creeks. Note on Indian movements near Fort Augusta and a copy of letter of James Irvine to Caleb Carnault, 15 June 1763, discussing strength of Fort Augusta.
Collection:Edward Shippen letters and papers (Mss.B.Sh62)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1778-1779
Contributor:Brant, Joseph, 1742-1807 | Cox, John, 1731-1793 | Gibson, George, 1747-1791 | Greene, Nathaniel, 1742-1786 | Hooper, Robert Lettis, 1730?-1797 | Patterson, William, 1745-1806 | Pettit, Charles, 1736-1806 | Sheriff, Cornelius | Washington, George, 1732-1799
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:8 letters
Description: Letters related to an expedition of General Nathaniel Greene against the Haudenosaunee. Describes preparation, alcohol and destruction of Indian settlements. Mention of John Brant.
Collection:Nathanael Greene Papers (Mss.B.G83)
Culture:
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1798-1897
Contributor:Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844 | Mitchill, Samuel L. (Samuel Latham), 1764-1831 | Brinton, Daniel G. (Daniel Garrison), 1837-1899 | Barbour, James, 1775-1842 | Collin, Nicholas, 1746-1831
Subject:Linguistics | Social life and customs | Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) | United States Exploring Expedition (1838-1842)
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Reports | Catalogs
Extent:34 items
Description: Items relating to linguists and languages of the Americas. Bulk is the correspondence of Peter S. du Ponceau with Thomas Jefferson, Friedrich von Adelung, John Quincy Adams, John Vaughan, Johann S. Vater, John G. E. Heckewelder, Albert Gallatin, George Ord, and others regarding topics such as linguistics; Native languages and customs; acquiring publications for the American Philosophical Society Library; forwarding publications to others; philological essays; legal essays; Europeans' study of American Indian languages; the efforts of the Historical and Literary Committee and its pursuit of languages, especially comparative grammars; his own collection of Vocabularies; his work as an editor and linguist, including his addition to Barton (1797); Long's expedition and western vocabularies now in print; the origin of the American Indian; Byrd's manuscript of the North Carolina-Virginia boundary; the importance of comparative grammars instead of mere word-hunting; the Lewis and Clark journals; his search for Southern languages; Adelung's comment that Jefferson knew of a Mexican manuscript at New Orleans, and that Washington and others had supplied vocabularies to Catherine the Great; and plans for William Penn papers. Other items of interest include APS reports, including "Catalogue of historical manuscripts in the American Philosophical Society," Du Ponceau's "Report upon philology...and Report upon ethnography," and a letter to Mahlon Dickerson discussing objectives and scientific methods to be used on U. S. exploring expedition.
Collection:American Philosophical Society Archives (APS.Archives)
Culture:
Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet
Yuchi includes: Euchee
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Catawba includes: Iswa
Date:1904-1950
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Cole, Fay-Cooper, 1881- | Gilmore, Melvin R. (Melvin Randolph), 1868-1940 | Haddon, Alfred C. (Alfred Cort), 1855-1940 | Edgerton, Franklin, 1885-1963 | Gusinde, Martin, 1886-1969 | Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Hiller, Wesley R. | Mooney, James, 1861-1921 | Nelson, Dorothy M. | Norton, Jeannette Young | Smith, Edgar F. (Edgar Fahs), 1854-1928 | Birket-Smith, Kaj, 1893-1977 | Ball, Carl | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Chase, Fannie S. | Cobb, Rodney Dale, 1907- | Dunnack, Henry E. | Field, Clark | La Rue, Mabel G: Myres, John Linton, Sir, 1869-1954 | Oak, Liston M., 1895-1970 | Staub, Peter | Wissler, Clark, 1870-1947 | Burgesse, J. Allan | Douglas, Frederic H. (Frederic Huntington), 1897-1956 | Raynolds, Frances R. | Eskew, James W. | Meier, Emil F. | Turner, Geoffrey
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Social life and customs | Hunting | Motifs | Specimens | Wampum | Material culture | Birch bark | Religion | Museums | Art | Masks | Basketry
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Notebooks | Bibliographies | Essays | Reports | Drafts | Maps
Extent:46 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's research and other professional activities. Items include Speck's notes taken during graduate work at Columbia University under Franz Boas, and utilized for his own anthropology courses at the University of Pennsylvania; Speck's miscellaneous notes comprising circa 500 bibliographic cards and reading notes sorted out by tribe and/or language, dealing with tribes and countries in which Speck did no field work [other entries of this type are to be found among the various groups of materials in the Speck collection, according to tribe]; correspondence concerning exhibits and specimens for the Chicago World's Fair and for the Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts in New York City; two letters from Boas regarding the work of the Committee on Research in Native American Languages; correspondence regarding topics such as the double-curve motif, family hunting areas, indigenous foods and cooking methods, wampum, silverwork, birch-bark technique, baskets, Speck's research and publications, the research and publications of others, obtaining indigenous material cultural specimens for Speck, purchases of indigenous material culture specimens (baskets, masks, etc.) from Speck, Speck's identification of items in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford University, Speck's bibliography, and Speck's obituary; letters requesting copies of Speck's publications, or acknowledging the transmission of publications between Speck and others; copies and/or drafts of several of Speck's presentations and publications, including "Lectures on Primitive Religion," "Land Ownership Among Hunting Peoples in Primitive America and the World's Marginal Areas," "Review of Lowie's Introduction to Cultural Anthropology," and "The Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonquian Art"; a bibliography of Speck's publications through 1942; rough drafts of miscellaneous papers, 1928-1948; Speck's notes on topics such as crane posture; Birket-Smith's 1946 "Plan for Circumpolar Research"; ten distribution maps for circumpolar culture traits, colored in with crayon to show distribution of traits including divination and miracle shamanism, sweat bath, turtle Atlas myth and world-tree concept, bone divination, bear veneration, curative power of mystic words and formulae, dog-ancestor myth, dog as soul leader, curvilinear patterns, and confession to cure taboo violation; and a prepublication manuscript of Hallowell's "The nature and function of property as a human institution" with additions and corrections.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Unangan includes: Aleut, Unangas, Unangax̂, Алеу́ты, Унаӈан, Унаӈас
Tlingit includes: Lingit, Łingit, Tlinkit
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Muckleshoot includes: bəqəlšuł
Muckleshoot includes: bəqəlšuł
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Language:English
Date:circa 1937-1999
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Kane, Michal Lowenfels | Smith, Mina Brayley | Akweks, Aren | Ka-Hon-Hes | Gansworth, Nellie | Cornplanter, Jesse J. | Wallace, Paul A. W. | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Spotted Elk, Molly, 1903-1977
Subject:Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Government relations | Anthropology | Ethnography | Psychology | Psychiatry | Personality | Religion | Politics and government | Warfare | Treaties | Diplomacy
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Notes | Essays | Drafts | Essays | Correspondence | Legal documents | Memoranda | Reports | Maps | Photographs | Field notes | Transcripts
Description: This entry covers materials not otherwise covered by other entries relating to the Anthony Wallace Papers. Researchers are advised to see also the other entries devoted to specific cultural groups, Of particular interest will be Series II. Research Notes and Drafts, particularly Subseries A. Indian Research, which contains correspondence, notes and drafts from Wallace's research among the Seneca and Tuscarora. Some overlapping Native American material is in Subseries B. Revitalization and Culture. Also of particular interest will be Series IX. Indian Claims, which contains Wallace's work (with his research assistant Michal Lowenfels Kane) as an expert witness for several Native American land claims, including those of Creek, Dakota (Sioux), Delaware, Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Iowa, Kickapoo, Meskwaki (Fox, Sac and Fox, or Sauk and Fox), Miami, Muckleshoot, Oto-Missouri, Pawnee, Shawnee, and Wyandot peoples. Another concentration of materials can be found in Series VII. Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute and pertain to Wallace's study of "arctic hysteria" (piblokto) among Greenland Inuit. Subseries B. U.S.-Soviet Commission on Anthropology of Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work also contains items on arctic populations. Materials related to Wallace's research on Native American and Indigenous topics can also be throughout Series I. Correspondence (several of Wallace's correspondents were anthropologists, historians, Native individuals, and other interested parties), Series III. Notecards, Series IV. Works by Wallace, Series V. Works by Others, Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work, Series VIII. University of Pennsylvania (to a lesser extent), Series XI. Maps, and Series XII. Graphics. Relevant correspondence files include those of the American Philosophical Society, James Axtell, Molly Nelson Archambaud (Molly Spotted Elk, Penobscot) Whitfield Bell, Robert F. Berkhofer, Carl Bridenbaugh, Edward C. Carter, Raymond Fogelson, Robert Grumet, Jeannette Henry, Stephen N. Kane, George F. Kearney, David H. Kelley, Nancy Lurie, J. T. S. McCabe, D'Arcy McNickle, Chief C. O. Nelson, Stanley Pargellis, Robert Prall, John E. Roth, Claude E. Schaefer, Donald Smith, John Tabor, Norman Tait, Morton I. Teicher, Ronald Thomas, and Katharine Young. The graphics series is also significant, containing images of pictographs, watercolor paintings by Ray Fadden's (Mohawk, aka Aren Akweks) son John (Mohawk, aka Ka-Hon-Hes), original drawings by Seneca Jesse Cornplanter and Tuscarora Nellie Gansworth, and photographs associated with Paul A.W. Wallace's fieldwork among the Indians of Pennsylvania, New York State, and Ontario as well as Anthony F.C. Wallace's research (1947-1985) on American Indians. Specific items not mentioned elsewhere include a folder on "Muckleshoot Tribe vs. the United States, Docket No. 98" and "Tee-Hit-Ton Indians vs. the United States" [the Tee-Hit-Ton are Tlingit] in Series IX. Indian Claims; a folder containing Frank Speck material on the Nanticoke in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional; and a paper on the Nez Perce in Subseries 5. Student Seminar Papers of Series II. Research Notes and Drafts D. Rockdale.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)