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Culture:
Language:English
Date:1816-1888
Contributor:Reynolds, Henry Lee | Horsford, Eben Norton, 1818-1893 | Tooker, William Wallace, 1848-1917 | Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844
Subject:Labrador--History | Linguistics | Place names | Material culture
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Minutes
Extent:8 items
Description: Materials relating to Alonguian languages and cultures, as well as to the publication of pieces on those subjects. Topics include an essay submitted by Reynolds on Algonquian metalsmiths; Tooker's request for a copy of Heckewelder's comparative Algonquian vocabularies for his work on Long Island place names; two letters revolving around Horsford's efforts to publish the American Philosophical Society manuscript of Heckewelder's comparative Algonquian vocabulary with his edition of Zeisberger's Onondaga dictionary; Du Ponceau on Native languages described as Huron, Delaware, Minsi, Mohicon, Natick, Chippeway, Shawanoe and Nanticoke; and two items relating to a manuscript found on the coast of Labrador which Du Ponceau presented to the APS in facsimile and which he believed to be Algonquian.
Collection:American Philosophical Society Archives (APS.Archives)
Culture:
Date:1781-1819 and undated
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Green, Daniel (Mohawk) | Killbuck, John (William Henry) | Beaver, Mr. | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808 | Miller, Samuel | Hopocan, approximately 1725-1794 (Captain Pipe)
Subject:Government relations | Linguistics | Missions | Social life and customs | Pennsylvania--History | Moravians
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Notes | Essays
Extent:16 items
Description: These items includes notes, letters, and essays on the history, manners, and languages of Native peoples, particularly the Lenape ("Delaware"), sent by Heckewelder to the Committee and to members of the American Philosophical Society. Contains answers to queries, historical material (such as the arrival of Europeans; relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee), Indian speeches, replies to letters of Peter S. Du Ponceau, references to Swedish-Lenape translations, Indian writing, translations of English into Indian languages. Mentions Delaware individuals, both named and unnamed.
Collection:Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821 (Mss.970.1.H35c)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Susquehannock includes: Conestoga
Piscataway includes: Conoy
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Language:English
Date:1702-1753
Contributor:Bladen, Thomas, 1698 – 1780 | Charles, Robert | Clinton, George, 1739-1812 | Cresap, Thomas, 1694?-1790? | Gale, Levin, approximately 1704-1774 | Hamilton, James, 1710-1783 | Lee, Thomas, 1690-1750 | Logan, James, 1674-1751 | Penn, William, 1644-1718 | Peters, Richard, 1704-1776 | Thomas, George, 1695?-1774 | Weiser, Conrad, 1696-1760 | Schuyler, Myndert | Johnson, William, 1715-1774 | Norris, Isaac, 1701-1766 | Gooch, William, Sir, 1681-1751
Subject:Diplomacy | Treaties | Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | Maryland--History | Canada--History--To 1763 (New France) | Land claims | Land transfers | Virginia--History | Ohio--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Memoranda | Speeches | Reports | Deeds | Instructions | Notes
Extent:52 items
Description: Correspondence and other materials relating to Indian affairs. Topics include diplomacy with the Haudenosaunee, including various delegations to and from the Haudenosaunee, diplomatic gifts and expenses, and Maryland's efforts to treat with anxieties about French intrigues, overtures, and inroads on Indian loyalty; land claims and disputes; Lancaster Treaty of 1744; two Delaware Indians accused of murder; Ohio Company; Indians' tensions with Virginians; and Indians in Ohio. Individuals (other than contributors) mentioned include Hotquantgoehle, Shickellamy, Andrew Montour, George Croghan, Colonel Burnett, Canasadego, Lord Cornbury, Indian Harry, Allumapis, and Lapaghpitton.
Collection:Selections from the correspondence of the Honourable James Logan, 1699-1750 (Mss.B.L82)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1760
Contributor:Post, Christian Frederick, 1710?-1785 | Hays, John, 1729 or 1730-1796 | Teedyuscung, Delaware chief, 1700-1763
Subject:Diplomacy | Warfare | Politics and government | Government relations | United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Pennsylvania--History | Ohio--History | Religion | Moravians | Indian captivities | Rites and ceremonies | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Journals | Travel narratives
Extent:1 reel
Description: Christian Frederick Post was a Moravian missionary and observer of Native peoples and cultures; he was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1768. This journal of Post's, who was in the company of fellow colonist John Hays and Delaware leader Teedyuscung (and also mentions Delawares Isaac Still and Moses Tattamy), relates to Post's mission as a representative of the Governor and Council of Pennsylvania to the Ohio Valley Indians and the conference held near the Ohio River in 1760. Copy in clerk's hand. Concerning message carried to Mingos (Haudenosaunee, in the Ohio Valley) and other Ohio Indians, return of colonists taken captive during the Seven Years' War, and other happenings on the journey. Includes description of conjuring ceremony. This is a microfilm of an original in possession of Mrs. Henry P. Gummere.
Collection:Journal, 1760, of the great council of the different Indian nations (Mss.Film.204)
Culture:
Date:1800-1893
Contributor:Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844 | Henry, Mathew Schropp, 1790-1862 | Edwards, Howard, 1833-1925? | Henry, Joseph J. | Winsor, Henry | Murray, Nicholas, 1802-1861 | Brickenstein, H. A. | Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathen | Russell, Jonathan, 1771-1832
Subject:Linguistics | Missions | Pennsylvania--History | Place names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Reports | Memoranda | Vocabularies
Extent:21 items
Description: Items relating to Lenape materials at the American Philosophical Society, generally referred to as "Delaware" in the original materials. Topics include requests for materials (a loan of a map of the "Indian Walk," or Walking Purchase, 1737; the Society of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel Among the Heathens wants the return of documents deposited by the Brethren for Heckewelder as listed in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1); requests for information (on David Zeisberger as a missionary to the Indians); of materials (Zeisberger's Delaware grammar; John G. E. Heckewelder's paper on Personal names; Heckewelder's edits in case of a second edition of his Account of the Indian nations (1819)); donated materials (Roth's "Life of Christ" in Delaware, #1176; a French translation of Heckewelder's account done by Chevalier John Du Ponceau; materials from Heckwelder himself; documents relating to the Paxton boys from Samuel Fisher; authentic extracts of official Swedish papers relative to their settlements in America as well as translations of extracts of Acrelius (1759)); Heckewelder's Delaware grammar and work in general; a list of botanical names with equivalents in Delaware, Onondaga, and occasionally Munsee; Matthew S. Henry's work on a dictionary of Place names (#1164) and his comparison of Heckwelder and Rev. Jesse Vogler; and Peter S. du Ponceau's own work on Native languages (mentions Delaware, Arawak, Natchez, Yuchi, Ojibwe, and Mahican) and his work for the APS. Other individuals mentioned include Robert M. Patterson, Zaccheus Collins, Mathew Carey, Daniel G. Brinton, Sir William Johnson, Severin Lorich, Charles Pickering, Samuel S. Haldeman, Rev. der Schweinitz, Usher Parsons, and John Vaughan.
Collection:American Philosophical Society Archives (APS.Archives)
Culture:
Unangan includes: Aleut, Unangas, Unangax̂, Алеу́ты, Унаӈан, Унаӈас
Scaticook includes: Scatticook, Schaghticoke
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Chibcha includes: Muysca, Muisca
Language:English
Date:April 11, 1803; November 1, 1953
Contributor:Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 1767-1835 | Witthoft, John
Subject:Linguistics | Moravians | Missions | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Reports
Extent:2 items
Description: Item 1: Letter from Humboldt to William Smith asking for a copy of Barton (New Views of the Origin of the Tribes and Nations of America, 1797), and any other works pertaining to North and Middle American languages. Item 2: Witthoft's "Preliminary listing of resources in American Indian languages in the Archives of the Moravian Church." Includes eighteenth- and nineteenth-century materials described as "Algonquin, Delaware, Iroquois, Mohawk, Onondaga, Eskimo, Cherokee, Checameca, Mahican, and Scatticook". Compilers include Zeisberger, Pyrlaeus, Dencke, Heckewelder, Gambold, Ettwein, etc.
Collection:Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection (Mss.Ms.Coll.200)
Culture:
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English | Oneida | Menominee | Potawatomi | Mahican
Date:1938-1996
Contributor:Abbott, Clifford | Picard, Marc | Ritzenthaler, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1911-1980 | Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Doxtator, Mercy, 1936- | Archiquette, Oscar | Beechtree, Andrew | Cornelius, Philip, 1934- | Skenadore, John A | Elm, Damas | Basehart, Harry W. | Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887-1949 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Wonderly, Tony | Webster, Lafayette | Baird, Chauncey | Powless, Mrs.
Subject:Linguistics | Religion | Pedagogy | Music | Wisconsin--History
Type:Text | Sound recording
Genre:Grammars | Stories | Vocabularies | Songs | Plays | Essays | Hymns | Notes | Stories | Dictionaries | Notebooks
Description: The Oneida materials in the Lounsbury Papers include photographs in Series I. Series II contains plays and songs from the WPA Oneida Language Project and the Workers Alliance of the Oneida Indian Council. Also of interest are an Oneida dictionary by Mercy Doxtator, et al., a field notebook by Martin Joos, and Lounsbury's work on an Oneida dictionary. There are an abundance of recordings in Series VII including "Dekanawidah" as told by Demus Elm; the "opening" of the Thanksgiving address; sixteen conversations in Oneida; music. The correspondence, in Series I, includes Clifford Abbott's work, Oscar Archiquette's letter in Oneida, Harry Basehart work on Oneida language, medicine-compounding, false faces, [Oneida] hymnbooks, Leonard Bloomfield's study of alternative forms for Oneida numerals, William Fenton's studies of Oneida linguistics, Bryan Gick's the Harvey / Demus Creation / Tekanawita story in Oneida with a complete English translation, Tayokawe (Curtis John) language materials and recordings, Robert Ritzenthaler's Oneida recordings and translation of Oscar Archiquette's Oneida diary, Morris Swadesh on the Wisconsin Oneida language project, Tony Wonderly's list of Oneida personal names
Collection:Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.95)
Culture:
Zuni includes: A:shiwi
Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet
Tutelo includes: Yesan
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Passamaquoddy includes: Peskotomuhkati
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Abenaki includes: Abnaki
Language:English | Abenaki, Eastern
Date:1908-1947
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Gordon, G. B. (George Byron), 1870-1927 | Day, Gordon M. | Gandy, Ethel | Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy, 1865-1946 | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Wilder, Harris Hawthorne, 1864-1928 | Nassau, Robert Hamill, 1835-1921 | Osgood, Cornelius, 1905-1985 | Ranco, Dorothy | Princess Pretty Woman | Nelson, Roland E.
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Social life and customs | Politics and government | Hunting | Religion | Linguistics | Art | Place names | Kinship | Material culture | Museums | Specimens | New England--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Notes | Correspondence | Essays | Drafts | Stories | Transcriptions
Extent:27 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Penobscot language, history, and culture, and his preparation of his book Penobscot Man. This includes several folders of Speck's field notes, notes organized around specific topics (including data not used in Speck's published works), copies and drafts of lectures and essays, correspondence, etc. Topics include Penobscot social organization, calendar system, house furnishings, hunting morality, animal lore, religion, art, sayings, alphabet, counting and measuring, canoe-making, face-painting, texts with interlineal translations, and "Bird Lore of the Northern Indians" (a faculty public lecture at the University of Pennsylvania). Additionally, significant correspondence concerns the preparation, expenses, dissemination, and reception of his Penobscot publications. Other topics of correspondence include Ethel Gandy's monograph on Penobscot art; names of chiefs and their clans; "clown" performances outside of the southwest among the Penobscot, Iroquois [Haudenosaunee], Abenaki, and Delaware; place names; the relationship of Penobscot-Mohegan and Mahican; a comparison of Zuni-Navajo and Red Paint; Tutelo. There is a particularly large folder of Speck's miscellaneous Penobscot notes containing both a variety of notes and correspondence from Penobscot consultants as well as non-Native colleagues. These include letters from Roland E. Nelson (Needahbeh, Penobscot) concerning drum for exhibit; letters from Nelson, Franz Boas, John M. Cooper, William B. Goodwin, E. V. McCollum, and J. Dyneley Prince, all concerning Penobscot Man; Clifford P. Wilson concerning moosehair embroidery; Edward Reman concerning Norse influence on Penobscot; Carrie A. Lyford concerning moose-wool controversy and Ann Stimson's report; Ann Stimson, letter of thanks; Henry Noyes Otis concerning genealogy of Indians named Sias on Cape Cod (Speck marked this Penobscot); Princess Pretty Woman (Passamaquoddy) concerning her dress (apparently at the Penn Museum); Dorothy Ranco (Penobscot) concerning Princess Pretty Woman's dress; Roland W. Mann, concerning site of Indian occupancy according to Penobscot tradition; Ryuzo Torii, letter of introduction. Other miscellaneous items include a 5-page transcript of agreements between Indians of Nova Scotia and the English, August 15, 1749; 2 pages, transcript of agreement of July 13, 1727 (letter of transmittal, Lloyd Price to Miss MacDonald, September 24, 1936); Ann K. Stimson, Moose Wool and Climbing Powers of the American Mink; miscellaneous field notes on topics like songs, kinship, totem, medicine, and social units; and 4 pages of Penobscot words and their cultural use.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)