Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

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Tuscarora materials, Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1880-1984, bulk 1948-1952

Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Smith, Mina Brayley | Gansworth, Nellie

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:40 folders

Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 40 folders of items directly pertaining to the Tuscarora have been identified. Tuscarora materials can be difficult to disentangle from the plethora of items relating to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) more generally, however, and researchers should also see the Wallace Papers entries for the Haudenosaunee and Seneca, and consult the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's career and for an itemized list of the collection's contents. Of the materials explicitly linked to the Tuscarora, much relates to Wallace's dissertation, an ethnopsychological study eventually published as "Modal Personality of the Tuscarora Indians as Revealed in the Rorschach Test" (1952). Of particular interest might be correspondence with Tuscarora Mina Brayley Smith in Series I. Correspondence and original drawings by Tuscarora Nellie Gansworth and several photographs taken at the Tuscarora Reservation in 1948 in Series XII. Graphics. Other relevant correspondence files include those for Edmund Snow Carpenter, Loren C. Eiseley, John F. Freeman, Barbara Graymont, Bert Kaplan, David H. Kelley, David Landy, Gardiner Lindzey, Charles Lucy, Benjamin Malzberg, Henry Manley, Stephen Murray, the Niagara County Historical Society, John Sikes, Frank Speck, Eula Tottingham, and the University of Pennsylvania Press. There are also research notes, maps, and drafts of works on the Tuscarora in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts, A. Indian Research; Series IV. Works by Wallace, A. Professional; and Series XI. Maps.

Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)

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Tuscarora materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Nanticoke

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English | Tuscarora | Nanticoke

Date:1914-1945

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Vocabularies

Extent:3 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in Tuscarora language, history, and culture. Includes Speck's reading notes on New York State Tuscarora including an undated page of Mattawascheet notes and a 1930s letter to Speck from Alfred Irving Hallowell concerning Nanticoke and Tuscarora; four pages of geographical terms secured at Six Nations Reserve labeled "Canadian Tuscarora Words"; and a folder labeled "Notes on Canadian Tuscarora," which includes names for the Nanticokes in Cayuga, Tuscarora, Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, and Oneida; notes on wampum, folklore, and the Canadian Tuscarora; and some Nanticoke vocabulary.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Tutelo materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English

Date:1931-1942

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Field notes | Drafts | Notebooks

Extent:5 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in Tutelo language, history, and culture. These include three letters from Canadian (Grand River, Ontario) Delaware Samuel John concerning John's Tutelo background and Speck's visit to Canadian Delawares; Speck's field notes from Grand River, Ontario on recordings of Tutelo and Onondaga songs and noting the order of rites [see also Speck (1942)]; Speck's Tutelo field notes from Ohsweken including a notebook of 53 pages of ceremonials, an account of Tutelo ceremonial procedure, a note on the Cayuga burial and redressing ceremony, and letters from indigenous consultants George Nash and Mrs. John Ruck concerning museum specimens; 12 pages of miscellaneous notes and correspondence, including a 1-page list of Tutelo names, 2 pages on Longhouse religious ceremonies, 1 note card and 4 pages of reading notes on adoption rites, two letters from John R. Swanton to Speck citing Byrd's History of the Dividing Line for Sappony-Tutelo references and concerning Tutelo linguistic forms and relationships, a letter from William N. Fenton to Speck concerning Tutelo songs and difficulties of attending Seneca longhouse ceremonies, and a letter from H. W. Dorsey (Smithsonian Institution) transmitting a photo of a Tutelo adoption necklace; and an 11-page draft of an essay on Tutulo ceremonies focusing on the adoption rite. (NOTE: portions of these materials pertaining to Tutelo ceremonies may be restricted due to potential cultural sensitivity.)

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Two Chukchansi Coyote stories, 1970

Culture:

Yokuts

Language:English | Yokuts

Date:1970

Contributor:Berman, Howard | Ramirez, Maryan

Type:Text

Genre:Stories | Notes

Extent:19 pages

Description: These stories, "The Stink Bug and the Coyote" and "Burden Basket Woman," were told to linguist Howard Berman by Mrs. Maryan Ramirez. Included are English with interlinear Chukchansi translations, grammatical and lexical notes. These stories were published as "Coyote Stories II" in IJAL-NATS Monograph #6, 1980 (International Journal of American Linguistics).

Collection:Two Chukchansi Coyote stories, 1970 (Mss.497.9.B45)

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Utilization of fish, beach foods, and marine mammals by the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia

Culture:

Squamish includes: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, Sko-ko-mish

Language:English | Squamish

Date:1976

Contributor:Bouchard, Randy | Kennedy, Dorothy I. D.

Type:Still Image | Text

Genre:Monographs | Illustrations

Extent:159 pages

Description: This is an ethnographic study of traditional Squamish marine resource use, co-authored by Randall (Randy) T. Bouchard and Dorothy I. D. Kennedy. Photographs by Kennedy accompany the text to show uses of tools by the Squamish people of Northern Vancouver as applied to the species discussed. See also the other volumes in the same series in the APS collections: Bouchard and Kennedy's "Knowledge and usage of land mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, and amphibians by the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia" (1976) (Mss.970.6.K38.k); and Bouchard and Nancy J. Turner, "Botany of the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia" (1976) (Mss.970.6.B66). These publications were disseminated by the British Columbia Language Project.

Collection:Utilization of fish, beach foods, and marine mammals by the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia (Mss.970.6.K38)

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Various Indigenous materials, Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers

Culture:

Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot

Tlingit includes: Lingit, Łingit, Tlinkit

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Unangax̂ includes: Aleut, Unangas, Unangan, Алеу́ты, Унаӈан, Унаӈас

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Shawnee

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére

Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks

Muckleshoot includes: bəqəlšuł

Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Miami includes: Myaamiaki

Muckleshoot includes: bəqəlšuł

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je

Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

Creek

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English

Date:circa 1937-1999

Type:Still Image | Text

Description: This entry covers materials not otherwise covered by other entries relating to the Anthony Wallace Papers. Researchers are advised to see also the other entries devoted to specific cultural groups, Of particular interest will be Series II. Research Notes and Drafts, particularly Subseries A. Indian Research, which contains correspondence, notes and drafts from Wallace's research among the Seneca and Tuscarora. Some overlapping Native American material is in Subseries B. Revitalization and Culture. Also of particular interest will be Series IX. Indian Claims, which contains Wallace's work (with his research assistant Michal Lowenfels Kane) as an expert witness for several Native American land claims, including those of Creek, Dakota (Sioux), Delaware, Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Iowa, Kickapoo, Meskwaki (Fox, Sac and Fox, or Sauk and Fox), Miami, Muckleshoot, Oto-Missouri, Pawnee, Shawnee, and Wyandot peoples. Another concentration of materials can be found in Series VII. Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute and pertain to Wallace's study of "arctic hysteria" (piblokto) among Greenland Inuit. Subseries B. U.S.-Soviet Commission on Anthropology of Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work also contains items on arctic populations. Materials related to Wallace's research on Native American and Indigenous topics can also be throughout Series I. Correspondence (several of Wallace's correspondents were anthropologists, historians, Native individuals, and other interested parties), Series III. Notecards, Series IV. Works by Wallace, Series V. Works by Others, Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work, Series VIII. University of Pennsylvania (to a lesser extent), Series XI. Maps, and Series XII. Graphics. Relevant correspondence files include those of the American Philosophical Society, James Axtell, Molly Nelson Archambaud (Molly Spotted Elk, Penobscot) Whitfield Bell, Robert F. Berkhofer, Carl Bridenbaugh, Edward C. Carter, Raymond Fogelson, Robert Grumet, Jeannette Henry, Stephen N. Kane, George F. Kearney, David H. Kelley, Nancy Lurie, J. T. S. McCabe, D'Arcy McNickle, Chief C. O. Nelson, Stanley Pargellis, Robert Prall, John E. Roth, Claude E. Schaefer, Donald Smith, John Tabor, Norman Tait, Morton I. Teicher, Ronald Thomas, and Katharine Young. The graphics series is also significant, containing images of pictographs, watercolor paintings by Ray Fadden's (Mohawk, aka Aren Akweks) son John (Mohawk, aka Ka-Hon-Hes), original drawings by Seneca Jesse Cornplanter and Tuscarora Nellie Gansworth, and photographs associated with Paul A.W. Wallace's fieldwork among the Indians of Pennsylvania, New York State, and Ontario as well as Anthony F.C. Wallace's research (1947-1985) on American Indians. Specific items not mentioned elsewhere include a folder on "Muckleshoot Tribe vs. the United States, Docket No. 98" and "Tee-Hit-Ton Indians vs. the United States" [the Tee-Hit-Ton are Tlingit] in Series IX. Indian Claims; a folder containing Frank Speck material on the Nanticoke in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional; and a paper on the Nez Perce in Subseries 5. Student Seminar Papers of Series II. Research Notes and Drafts D. Rockdale.

Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)

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Virginia materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli

Language:English

Date:1920-1947

Type:Text | Three-dimensional object | Still Image

Extent:40 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in the various Virginia- or Chesapeake-area peoples sometimes collectively lumped as Powhatans, including the Chickahominy, Mattaponi, Nansemond, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock peoples, from the early contact period into the mid-twentieth century. The Cherokees, Seminoles, Tuscaroras, and Penobscots are also mentioned. Correspondence includes Speck's correspondence with Chickahominy consultants like Chief George L. Nelson, Mrs. S. P. Nelson, Chief James H. Nelson, and E. P. Bradby; Pamunkey consultants like Paul L. Miles and Chief O. W. Adkins; Charles Edgar Gilliam, a Petersburg, Virginia, attorney and amateur historian, etymologist, and ethnologist; and a letter from Werner Müller in Berlin to the University of Pennsylvania inquiring whether Speck's book on the Nansamond and Chickahominy Indians was published and mentioniong Speck's publications on the Rappahannock and Powhatan. Other materials, largely arranged by topic, were compiled by Speck as well as by some his students, particularly those who participated in a field research group between 1939 and 1942, such as Mary Rowell Carse, Edmund Carpenter, Royal Hassrick, John "Jack" Kremens, Maurice A. Mook, Robert Solenberger, and Theodore Stern. Of particular interest might be a folder of 1941-1946 correspondence (42 letters) and copies of various documents relating to the efforts of Speck, James R. Coates, and others to overcome the practice of Virginia draft boards to classify indigenous peoples as "Negroes" for Selective Service. Other materials include a folder on Chickahominy efforts to gain recognition, including chartering the tribe as an incorporation; two of Speck's field notebooks on the Pamunkey, Mattaponi, Rappahannock, Cherokee, and Chickahominy; Speck's reading notes on topics like gourds and the bow and arrow in early contact days; a description of "Pamunkey Town" in 1759, based on Andrew Burnaby, Travels (1760); a 1940 newspaper article titled "Virginia Indians Past and Present"; notes on Virginia Indian populations in 1668, based on figures obtained from a regulation requiring certain numbers of wolves be killed by various Indian groups; Charles Edgar Gilliam's "Historical sketch of Appomatoc Indians, 1607-1723"; and Gilliam on Powhatan Algonquian birds, etc., in colonial times. Other folders are devoted to topics such as Pamunkey hunting and fishing, Pamunkey games and amusements, Pamunkey celestial and meteorological phenomena, Pamunkey contemporary technology, Pamunkey emergency foods, Pamunkey fish, amphibians, shellfish, and reptiles, Pamunkey reptiles, Pamunkey animals, Pamunkey birds, Pamunkey mensuration, Pamunkey miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Pamunkey social organization, Pamunkey pottery, Pamunkey plants and agriculture, Pamunkey foods, Pamunkey medicines and poisons, Pamunkey folklore and language, Rappahannock field notes, Rappahannock contemporary technology, Rappahanock taking devices, Rappahannock miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Mattaponi miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Chickahominy miscellaneous notes and correspondence, field notes on Western Chickahominy, Nansemond miscellaneous notes and correspondence, and miscellaneous notes and correspondence on Virgina Indians.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Walter Dyk Collection

Culture:

Wasco-Wishram

Language:English | Wasco-Wishram

Date:1906-1956

Type:Text

Extent:0.5 linear feet

Description: The Walter Dyk Collection consists of 16 folders relating to Dyk's dissertation research on Wishram, 1930-1933, donated to the APS by Dell Hymes in the 1980s (with additions transferred from the Dell H. Hymes Papers in 2019). It includes copies of his masters thesis (Chicago, 1931) and dissertation (Yale, 1933), papers and notes sent to Dell Hymes in the mid-1950s when Hymes was working on the language, including two field notebooks, Hymes' plans for use of these and other materials, and a small but important set of correspondence. The correspondence includes letters to Dyk from Philip Kahclamet, who was Dyk's primary consultant for "Kikct" (which Kahclamet identifies as a broad term for several related varieties), and who later worked with Hymes; from Edward Sapir to Dyk, including a very long and detailed letter commenting on phonology in Dyk's dissertation; and a series of letters to Sapir from Peter McGuff, Sapir's Wishram consultant at Fort Simcoe, Washington, 1906-1908. Sapir described him in Sapir (1909), and Michael Silverstein discussed him in Natural Histories of Discourse (1996), a volume co-edited by Silverstein and Greg Urban. See finding aid for related material and an itemized list of contents.

Collection:Walter Dyk Collection (Mss.497.3.H998m)

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Yavapai materials, James M. Crawford Papers

Culture:

Yavapai

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Mojave includes: Mohave, Aha Macav

Kiliwa includes: K'olew

Kumeyaay includes: Kumiai, Diegueño, Kamia, Tipai-Ipai

Maidu

Catawba includes: Iswa

Cocopah includes: Cocopa, Cucapáh, Cucapá, Kwapa, Kwii Capáy

Atakapa includes: Atacapa

Biloxi includes: Tanêks, Tanêksa

Language:English | Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai

Date:circa 1962-1964

Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Yuman languages | Arizona--History

Type:Text

Genre:Notes | Field notes | Vocabularies | Drafts | Essays

Extent:4 folders, 1 box

Description: Materials relating to James Crawford's interest in and study of Yavapai culture and the Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai language. There are two folders of particular interest in Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks--Other. The first is a folder labeled "Havasupai" [1962] containing 17 pages of words collected at the Grand Canyon from Lorenzo Sinyella (whose grandfather, Ole Man Sinyella, worked with Leslie Spier), recorded by Crawford, and including bits of information on a few other language consultants as well. The other folder is labeled "Yavapai Word List" and contains a word list collected by Crawford from Viola Jimulla at the Yavapai-Prescott Indian Reservation in 1962; several slips of paper, some including personal details of various language consultants, i.e., Charley Pattea (Yavapai), Kate Crozier (Walapai), etc.; several sheets of loose-page paper with more information on Yavapai, Cocopa, Mohave, Diegueño, etc. consultants and linguistics dated to 1963; and a word list collected from Warren Gazzam (Yavapai Western) in 1963. There is also a folder containing a typed copy, handwritten notes, and other materials (including homework exercises and a preliminary draft) relating to Crawford's "Proto-Yuman: Reconstructed from Cocopa, Diegueño, Maricopa, and Yavapai" [1964] in Series III-C. Works by Crawford--Yuman; a folder labeled "Comparison of Cocopa, Maricopa, Diegueño, and Yavapai" [1964?], containing handwritten charts comparing elements of those four languages and Kiliwa in Series IV-A. Research Notes and Notebooks--Cocopa; and "Possible Cognates to Yuchi in Siouan, Atakapa, Yava, Maidu, etc." [1971-1977], which contains 9 full sheets and 2 slips of handwritten notes comparing Yuchi, Biloxi, Ofo, Catawba, Atakapa, Maidu, Yava, Wocco, Tutelo, etc., in Series IV-B. Research Notes & Notebooks--Yuchi. Finally, there is one box of card-sized paper slips, Yavapai-English and English-Yavapai, with penciled notes, in Series V. Card Files. See related materials in Yuman entry for the Crawford Papers.

Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)

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Yuchi materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Osage includes: 𐓁𐒻 𐓂𐒼𐒰𐓇𐒼𐒰͘

Muscogee includes: Muskogee, Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek

Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho

Natchez

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English | Muscogee | Yuchi

Date:1904-1945

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Field notes | Reports | Musical scores

Extent:5 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in Yuchi language, history, and culture. Includes three letters from Roy H. Robinson to Speck concerning persuading Yuchis to answer questions, Cayuga earrings, a Navajo beaded necklace, Osage buffalo hide shield, etc.; a 13-page report titled "Yuchi Ethnography" on political organization, diseases, mythology, etc., based on a 1904 field trip; a folder on Yuchi and Creek dances with sheet music for songs to accompany dance, choreography, and a few vocabulary items with a folder on Yuchi and Creek songs along with 12 vocabulary slips; and 17 pages of Speck's miscellaneous Yuchi notes and correspondence, including one page concerning Yalewi, a Yuchi Indian; one card concerning peyote among Yuchi; a one-page list of names of informants, 1941; a letter from Erich von Hornbostel to Speck, concerning Yuchi songs; a letter from Ellen Allen, a Yuchi Indian, recalling Speck's visit in 1904 and Boas' visit and effort to do a Yuchi grammar with her; a letter from Carl F. Voegelin concerning Yuchi linguistics; letters from Charles Eli Sexton to the University of Pennsylvania Museum concerning Speck's Yuchi ethnography, a Yuchi informant, and connection of Natchez and Hopewell to Yuchi; and letters from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute) concerning Yuchi museum specimens and relics of the past.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)