Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

Description: There are many materials relating to Algonquian languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials labeled as Algonquian or Macro-Algonquian, or having to do with several Algonquian languages in a general way. Researchers should also view the entries for specific Algonquian languages and culture groups. Algonquian materials are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there is relevant correspondence with Leonard Bloomfield (regarding an inscription on a silver bracelet; Bloomfield's "Menomini Grammar"), Charles Hockett (with questions about Voegelin's article on Delaware and examples from other Algonquian languages), and Morris Swadesh (including a brief Stockbridge vocabulary and a slip of Moravian Delaware) in Series I. Correspondence; 1 box of comparative Algonquian vocabulary and grammar in Series II. and several linguistic maps (i.e., "Algonquian language text with illustrations" and "Linguistic classification of the Southern New England Algonquians"), particularly of the Potawatomi, Delaware, and Shawnee, to accompany the texts of Voegelin's work on Algonquian languages, in Series VII. Photographs. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence from Eric Hamp (to Ives Goddard regarding preparation of Arapaho and Algonquian works) and Frank Speck (to Edward Sapir regarding his work on Mi'kmaq and other northern Algonquian languages and societies) in Series I. Correspondence. There is also an entire subseries devoted to Macro-Algonquian: Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian of Series II. Research Notes. This subseries contains a grammatical sketch of Algonquian by Leonard Bloomfield (135 pages of typescript with handwritten edits and 7 interleaved pages of notes by Voegelin); another "Sketch of Algonquian" by Bloomfield consisting of a notebook (approx. 45 pages) and handwritten notes (approx. 80 pages); 5 folders of notebooks focusing on beginning sounds ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," and "Θ and ?"), drawing from Pacific Coast Algonquian ("PCA"), Fox [Meskwaki], Plains Cree, Menominee, and Ojibwe; 3 folders of other comparative Algonquian notebooks organized by general nouns, body parts, kinship terms, numerals, and verbs; miscellaneous Algonquian notes; and specimens of Central Algonquian, including short texts in Fox [Meskwaki], Ojibwe, Menominee, and Plains Cree, with English translations. The rest of the material in the Macro-Algonquian folder is organized according to specific languages: Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Fox (Meskwaki), Kutenai [Ktunaxa culture], Ojibwe, Penobscot, and Shawnee. Finally, there is an article titled "Some Observations on Algonquian Phonology" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries I: General works; an incomplete typed draft of Bloomfield's "Sketch of Algonquian" in Series IV. Works by Others; and a "Linguistic map of Southern New England" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries V: American Indian Languages.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Algonquian materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Yurok includes: Pueleekla’, Puliklah

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Language:English

Date:1918-1945 and undated

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Skinner, Alanson, 1886-1925 | Butler, Eva L. | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986

Type:Text

Extent:10 items

Description: A variety of materials relating to Speck's study of diverse Algonquian peoples, cultures, and languages. Includes his "Remnants of the Eastern Indian Tribes," a brief discussion of location of New England Algonquians; his favorable review of John M. Cooper, "Snares, Deadfalls, and other Traps of Northern Algonquians and Northern Athapascans" [Printed, Speck (1939).]; a "Table of Double Curve Motif," charting techniques and variations of motifs of various Northwestern, Iroquoian, and central Algonquian peoples; a manuscript draft and additions of "Terms of relationship and the family territorial band among the Northeastern Algonquins," [Printed, Speck (1918).]; letters from Alanson Skinner challenging Speck's ethnic position of the Southeastern Algonquian on meaning of Eskimo-type artifacts found in Algonquian site in New York (State); materials from Eva L. Butler, including two pamphlets containing transcriptions of historical letters, principally from the Connecticut State Library--"Colonial Letters of our Ancestors" and "Letters of the Indians"--and "Botany and ethnozoology of the New England Indians," a bibliography of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century sources for ethnobotantical and ethnozoological references; letters from Edward Sapir concerning Speck (1918a), particularly Yurok comparisons, his excitement about reduction of language stocks, and possible typographical errors; and letters from Carl F. Voegelen concerning the usefulness of Speck's Naskapi material for comparative study of Algonquian languages and seeking an article on process by which Algonquian languages become extinct.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Carib materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Kalinago includes: Carib, Island, Kalhíphona

Kalina includes: Carib, Mainland

Language:English | Carib

Date:circa 1948-1950

Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Taylor, Douglas MacRae

Type:Text

Extent:19 folders

Description: Several items relating to Carib languages have been identified in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. They are all in Subcollection I. They include extensive correspondence with Douglas MacRae Taylor (regarding his fieldwork and written work on Carib languages, including some stories, translations, and other linguistic materials) in Series I. Correspondence; Voegelin's "Black Carib Morphology" and "Central American Carib II: Morphology of the Verb" (with Douglas MacRae Taylor) in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries III-B: Works Authored by Voegelin; ten files of Taylor's work (including notes, outlines, and essays) on Black Carib, Central American Carib, and Island Carib in Series IV. Works by Others; a Carib file with data on Black, Central American, and Island Carib in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-A: Language Notes; and four folders of unbound Carib texts in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-B: Texts.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Central American materials, John Alden Mason Papers

Culture:

Maya

Language:English | Spanish

Date:1926-1959

Type:Text | Still Image

Extent:Circa 455 leaves; circa 635 pages; photographs

Description: The Central America materials, John Alden Mason Papers include correspondence regarding linguistic, archaeological, and ethnological work in Mexico and Guatemala; meetings; etc. Regarding archaeological work in Guatemala, Mexico, and Panama. Regarding Piedras Negras, Guatemala; Chichen Itza; archaeological work in Guatemala and Mexico. Regarding archaeological work in Guatemala, Mexico, and Texas. Regarding Pima; Yaqui; Piedras Negras, Guatemala; Maya glyphs and architecture; archaeological work in Guatemala, Mexico, and British Honduras. The bulk of the material is from 1933-1939 and concerns archaeological work at Piedras Negras, Guatemala. Some discussion of the Mayan calendar, the ruins at Yaxchilan, Mexico, and a 1953 expedition to the Caracol Ruins, Honduras. Scholarly materials: Article for [Lilly de Jongh] Osborne's handbook of Guatemala regarding the ruins of Piedras Negras, Guatemala. A paper entitled, "Los cuatro grandes filones linguisticos de Mexico y Centroamerica" for the International Congress of Americanists, Mexico, August 1939. A paper read at meeting of the American Anthropological Association, December 1938, on the genetic classification of Middle American languages. Bibliographies of books and a few manuscripts on Indians of Central America, Mexico, and South America; letter from Zelig Harris to Mason; Mason's reply. Paper sent to Mason to be read at the meeting of the American Anthropological Association. Discusses Hokan-Siouan Phylum, Tarascan, Macro-Otomanguean Phylum, Macro-Penutian Phylum, and Macro-Chibchan Phylum. Notes on genetic relationships and geographic distribution. Mostly from published sources. A compilation and juxtaposition of various opinions. A talk given before Sociedad de geografia e historia de Guatemala regarding the architecture of Piedras Negras. English original which was translated into Spanish for publication in Anales 15 (December 1938): pages 202-216. A paper "Middle American Linguistics, 1955" by Norman A. McQuown; draft of a paper by Mason discussing that of McQuown; a copy of Mason's paper as delivered at the meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 17, 1955, Boston; a copy of Mason's paper as corrected for correspondence with Robert J. Weitlaner and Gordon R. Willey.

Collection:John Alden Mason Papers (Mss.B.M384)

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Central and South America materials, John Alden Mason Papers

Culture:

Yanesha' includes: Amuesha

Tupi

Subtiaba includes: Subtiava

Rama

Quechua

Kogi includes: Cogui, Kágaba

Kawahiva includes: Kavahiva

Ese Ejja includes: Chama, Ece'je

Inca

Guarani

Guna includes: Kuna, Cuna, Dule

Cocama includes: Kokáma

Chibcha includes: Muysca, Muisca

Aymara includes: Aimara

Date:1937-1960 and undated

Type:Text

Extent:23 items

Description: Materials relating to John Alden Mason's interest in and research on Indigenous Central and South American languages and cultures. Materials attributed to Mason include a bibliography composed of about 300 cards primarily on South American languages, including many entries not in the Handbook of South American Indians; a notebook of observations on the distribution, relationships, etc., of South American languages; a file with correspondence, bibliography, draft of introduction, etc., relating to his contribution to the Handbook of South American Indians; a 166-page essay on the preconquest history and culture of the Andean region (mostly Peru) through the medium of artifacts preserved in the University Museum (University of Pennsylvania); two copies of Mason's "Andean Civilization," including bibliography, for the Encyclopedia Britannica (1960); two copies of the preface to the Spanish edition of "Ancient Civilizations of Peru," with a memorandum from Alfred Kidder II to Mason regarding recent developments in Central Andean archaeology; an incomplete essay titled "Status and problems of research in the Native Languages of South America," primarily concerned with historical linguistics and genetic relationship; and a file of notes on genetic relationships, subgrouping, etc., from published sources or giving his own impressions: Kamakan, Choroti, Ashluslay Kaduveo, Mataco; Malali, Mashakal, Ge, Vejoz, Coropo, Motilon, Towothl, Kaingang, Subtiaba, Hokan, Coroado, etc.. Unattributed materials (most likely Mason's) include circa 2,000 cards of notes on South American linguistic and ethnology focused on genetic classification of South American languages; circa 4,000 cards of notes regarding South American languages and dialects and their geographical distribution, etc.; and 17 pages of notes concerning a letter (included) from Harry B. Wright to Captain Colon Eloy Alfaro proposing that expeditions be sent to Ecuadorean Oriente for study in linguistics, ethnology, etc. Materials attributed to others than Mason include two essays or drafts by John Peabody Harrington on the affiliation of Witoto [Huitoto, probably Murui Huitoto but possibly Nüpode Huitoto], Miranya [aka Miraña or Miranha, now known as Bora] and Guaranian/Tupi-Guarani [Guarani, represented by Cocama], one with Mason's comments; 27 pages of Kagaba [Kogi] texts with interlinear Spanish translation and lists of animals, plants, body parts, natural phenomena, kinship terms, etc., with Spanish and English glosses; and Eugenio Garro's "Geographical distribution of the Native languages and dialects of Peru," an article submitted for the Handbook of South American Indians (marked "not printed in Handbook"). Correspondence includes Mason's Handbook of South American Indians correspondence, with Zellig S. Harris, Harry Hoijer, Eugene A. Nida, et al., soliciting contributions to the handbook, etc.; letters from Claude Levi-Strauss regarding locations, languages, and dialects of indigenous peoples of Brazil (mentions Parintintin [Kagwahiva], Rama-Rama [Rama], Tupi, Nambikuara [Southern Nambikuára], Tupi-Kawahib [Kawahiva?], Kabixiana [Kabixí], Kep-kiri-uat [?]); correspondence with John Peabody Harrington concerning Harrington's work for Mason on the Handbook of South American Indians; correspondence with Willard Z. Park regarding Park's ethnological work among the Kagaba [Kogi] in Colombia; correspondence with Louis Rankin regarding the Cocama, Cocamilla [the dialects of what is now called Cocama-Cocamilla], Chama [Ese Ejja], Campa [Ajyíninka Apurucayali?], and Amuesha [Yanesha'] languages of Peru; correspondence with David B. Stout regarding Stout's genetic classification of Chibchan, Kuna, and Choco, with one page of Mason's opinions on Stout's classification; correspondence with John Howland Rowe regarding South American languages and cultures, including the Quechua, Aymara, and Millcayac languages, early work of Max Uhle in Peru, Bolivia, etc.. and mentioning Alfred V. Kidder, Alfred L. Kroeber, and others; and a letter from Otis H. Green regarding the origin of the word "jivaro."

Collection:John Alden Mason Papers (Mss.B.M384)

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Inuit materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Yup'ik includes: Yupik, Yupiit, Yup'ik, Central Alaskan, Eskimo (pej.)

Yokuts

Miwok

Maidu

Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

Language:English | Greenlandic

Date:circa 1950-1973 and undated

Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Bergsland, Knut, 1914- | Minn, Eeva Kangasmaa | Peterson, Richard L.

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Orthography and spelling

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Essays | Drafts

Extent:4 folders

Description: Four items relating to Inuit (Eskimo) languages have been identified in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. They are all in Subcollection II. In Series I. Correspondence, there is correspondence wtih Richard L. Peterson about "Eskimo pictographic writing." In Series II. Research Notes, Subseries I. Eskimo-Aleutian, there are two folders labeled "Eskimo-Aleutian." Folder 1 includes information on Greenlandic, letters from Knut Bergsland (1950-1951), and "Presentation of 'A Grammar of the West Greenland Language' by Schultz-Lorensen," by Eeva Kangasmaa, 1952. Folder 2 includes brief information on Unaaliq [Yupik], Maidu, Miwok, and Yokuts, and the finished typescript of "Sketch of Eskimo." The third folder in the subseries, "Miscellaneous languages," contains Inuit material, among other languages.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Menominee materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw

Language:English | Menominee

Date:circa 1930s-1960s

Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Bloomfield, Leonard, 1887-1949

Type:Text

Extent:10 folders, 3 boxes

Description: The C. F. Voegelin Papers contain vocabulary, grammatical notes, short texts, and other linguistic and ethnographic materials relating to Menominee language and culture. These are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II of the Voegelin Papers. Materials in Subcollection I include corespondence with Leonard Bloomfield (regarding inscription on a silver bracelet obtained from Menominees and Bloomfield's "Menomini Grammar") in Series I. Correspondence; and 3 boxes of Menominee vocabulary and 2 folders of document files (mostly regarding kinship terminology) in Series II. Card Files. Materials in Subcollection II include a folder of Menominee notes (possibly given to Voegelin by Leonard Bloomfield) in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian. There are also Menominee examples in at least 6 folders ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," "Θ and ?" and "Specimens of Central Algonquian") of the many Comparative Algonquian notebooks in the same subseries (i.e., Macro-Algonquian).

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Meskwaki materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Language:English | Meskwaki

Date:circa 1930s-1960s

Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Pierce, Joe E.

Type:Text

Extent:9 folders, 1 box

Description: The C. F. Voegelin Papers contain grammatical notes, noun and verb paradigms, short texts, and other linguistic and ethnographic materials relating to Meskwaki (Fox) language and culture. These are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II of the Voegelin Papers. Materials in Subcollection I include 1 box of Fox [Meskwaki] stems labeled "research assistant's notes from published sources" in Series II. Card Files. Materials in Subcollection II include Fox [Meskwaki] grammatical notes and noun and verb paradigms in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian. There are also Fox [Meskwaki] examples in at least 6 folders ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," "Θ and ?" and "Specimens of Central Algonquian") of the many Comparative Algonquian notebooks in the same subseries (i.e., Macro-Algonquian). Finally, there is a copy of "Fox Grammar" (1952) by Joe E. Pierce in Series IV. Works by Others.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Mexico materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Zapotec includes: Zapoteco, Zapoteca

Zoque

Nahua

Language:English

Date:circa 1925-1967

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Mexico--History | Uto-Aztecan languages

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Essays | Notes

Extent:7 folders

Description: There are many items relating to Mexican languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials that cover Mexican (and to some extent, Central American) languages in general. Researchers should also view the entries for specific languages (i.e., Nahuatl, Zoque, etc.) and for South America, under which Voegelin often filed Mexican and Central American materials. In Subcollection I, there is relevant correspondence with Glen Turner and William L. Wonderly in Series I. Correspondence; William L. Wonderly's "List of Central American Indian Languages" and Larry Lyman's "The Verb Syntagmemes of Choapan Zapotec" in Series IV. Works by Others"; and a folder on South American and Other Latin American Languages (which includes Central America and Mexico) in file in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-A: Language Notes. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence with Kenneth Croft (regarding American Indian language work in Mexico and Croft's progress with Nahuatl) and Morris Swadesh (his collection of Uto-Aztecan language materials, including many from Mexico) in Series I. Correspondence.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Mexico materials, John Alden Mason Papers

Culture:

Wichí includes: Mataco (pej.)

Zapotec includes: Zapoteco, Zapoteca

Úza includes: Chichimeca-Jonaz

Tohono O'odham includes: Papago

Tepecano

Tlapanec includes: Me'phaa, Tlapaneco

Popoluca includes: Nundajɨypappɨc, Soteapanec, Popoloca

Purépecha includes: Tarascan (pej.), P'urhépecha

Otomi includes: Hñahñu, Ñuhu, Ñhato, Ñuhmu

Pame includes: Xi'úi

Mazatec includes: Ha Shuta Enima, Mazateco

Nahua

Mazahua includes: Hñatho

Matlatzinca includes: Matlatzinco

Karankawa

Huastec includes: Téenek, Wastek, Huasteco, Huaxtec, Wasteko

Cuitlatec includes: Cuitlateco

Cuicatec includes: Cuicateco

Chatino includes: Kitse Cha'tño

Chinantec includes: Chinanteco, Yolox, Yetla

Amuzgo includes: Amochco, Amoxco, Ñuuñama

Language:English

Date:1913-1966;

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:165 pages; Circa 300 items;

Description: The Mexico materials, John Alden Mason Papers include a log of a trip to Sonora, itinerary of pack trip from Yecora to Maicoba; lists of photographs; journal. Archaological materials: report on archaeological sites near Rancho Guiracoba, Sonora, Mexico with report on surface collections at six sites in southern Sonora. Notes on the Northern Extension of the Chalchihuites Culture, written for the Mexican Historical Congress, Zacatecas. Slayton Creek Excavation, regarding Mexico; the Papago [Tohono O'odham]; a dig at Slayton Creek, Delaware. Regarding archaeological, ethnological, and linguistic work in Mexico; genetic classification of languages of Central America and Mexico. Regarding internal strife in local (Durango) Indian tribe (including murders); archaeology in Durango; collection of specimens of material culture; work at Schroeder pyramid; cliff dwellings near Mezquital. Mentions Alex Krieger. Cave investigations in Durango and Coahuila, report on search conducted with Robert H. Merrill for traces of early man, particularly on the Folsom horizon. Written for Weitlaner volume. Includes description of three varieties of Cucurbita moschata; evidence in conflict with the theory that Cucurbita moschata was introduced into southern Arizona in late prehistoric or early historic times from the north and east. Regarding Maya pottery; Piedras Negras, Guatemala; archaeological work in Mexico and Guatemala; the University Museum (University of Pennsylvania); Vaillant's obituary. Includes correspondence between Mason and Sue Vaillant (Mrs. George C.) and between Mason and Charles Marius Barbeau. Linguistic materials: a list entitled, "Familias linguisticas de Mexico-idiomas y dialectos a ellas pertencientes," with the families with subdivisions: for Museo nacional de arqueologia, historia y etnologia, Anales. Includes lexical items in the various languages--Hokan, Oto-Manguren, Uto-Aztecan, and Maya-- arranged in columns; Spanish glosses. Regarding Mason's Subtiaba-Hokan-Caduveo-Mataco comparative vocabulary. Kroeber is not much impressed with the possible resemblances in Mason's list (included). Mexican linguistics, comparative vocabularies, etc., includes short comparative vocabularies for Comecrudo, Papago-Tepecano, Nahua, Huaxtec, Choctaw, Coahuiltec, Karankawa, Torkana, Atakapa, Chitimacha, Tunica; notes on Sapir's classification; other miscellaneous notes. Comparative vocabulary, includes letter from Frederick Johnson to John Alden Mason; comparative vocabulary which is number-keyed to a list of twenty-two languages and arranged in columns headed by Spanish glosses. Words lacking in some languages for almost all items. Languages include Otomi, Mazahua, Matlatzinca, Ocuiltec, Pame, Chichimeca, Cuitlateco, Mazatec, Popoluca, Chochotec (Tlapanec), Ichcateco, Trique, Chiapanec, Manque, Mixtec, Cuicatec, Amuzgo, Zapotec, Chatino, Chinantec, Tarasco, and Tlapanec. Scholarly materials: two versions of a paper, entitled, "Los Cuatro Grandes Filones Linguisticos de Mexico y Centroamerica," for the International Congress of Americanists, August 1939, Mexico. Photographs: Unidentified photographs showing people, dwellings, terrain, etc. Images of temples, excavations, crypts, jade work, etc. Includes a photograph of John Alden Mason and Burton W. Bascom from Palenque. Entire series of photographs from the Mason papers. The bulk of the images are from Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sonora, etc.). Also 3 contact sheets of images from Peru. From the Durango expedition, a list of photographs; "Informes hacera de la Sierro de la Candela:" notes from Tarayre, pages 184-185; "Ruins of an agricultural colony near Zape"; possible routes of migration into Mexico; Everardo Gamiz "La Raza Pigmea," Durango, April 1934; an incomplete set of numbered photos enumerated in above list (all duplicates from museum set). A linguistic realignment north of Mexico, which gives six phyla, one "broken phylum," and two uncertain languages (for presentation at the meeting of the American Anthropological Association, Chicago, 1940) and a detailed outline of five phyla plus several unaffiliated languages.

Collection:John Alden Mason Papers (Mss.B.M384)