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Culture:
Date:1914-1947
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Milling, Chapman J. (Chapman James), 1901-1981 | Rights, Douglas L. (Douglas LeTell), 1891-1956 | Speck, Florence I. | Weitluner, R. J. | Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958 | Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930 | Cadwalader, John | Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Newsome, Albert Ray, 1894-1951 | Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie, 1903-1988 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Broom, Leonard | Schaeffer, Claude E. | Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Red Thunder Cloud, 1919- | Blue, Samuel Taylor, 1872-1959 | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Keiser, Albert | Blue, Leola | West Long, Will, 1870-1947 | Climbing Bear | Harris, Mrs. Nettle O. | Harris, Mrs. R. L.
Subject:Ethnography | Anthropology | Linguistics | South Carolina--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Essays | Notes | Bibliographies | Notebooks | Charts | Vocabularies | Stories
Extent:21 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Catawba history, language, and culture. This includes Speck's correspondence with indigenous consultants such as Red Thunder Cloud, Chief Sam Blue, and Leola Blue (Catawba) and Will West Long and Climbing Bear (Cherokee); correspondence with other anthropologists and linguists, such as John Reed Swanton, William N. Fenton, Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin, C.F. Voegelin, Morris Swadesh, A. I. Hallowell, Mary Haas, and others; genealogies of twentieth-century Catawba consultants; a Catawba bibliography; notes on topics including Catawba division of time, travel and expedition, food resources, racial status in the South, and notes, possibly for a lecture, titled "The Catawba-A Small Nation Deflated"; a University of Pennsylvania student's essay on Catawba tribal correspondence with J. Walter Fewkes about Speck's Catawba field trips; field notebooks devoted to ethnologic notes, vocabulary, texts, songs, and other linguistic and cultural data; and collections of notes devoted to Catawba language and texts, general ethnological notes, and miscellaneous notes. Some of the notes and notebooks and much of the correspondence mentions other indigenous groups as well.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1915-1950
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Hardenbrook, Louise | Greywacz, Kathryn B. | Howells, W. W. (William White), 1908-2005 | Launer, Philip | Rathbone, Perry Townsend, 1911-2000 | Fewkes, Vladimir J. | Hawkes, Ernest William, 1883- | Johnson, Frederick, 1904-1994 | McKern, W. C. (Will Carleton), 1892- | Ritchie, William A. (William Augustus), 1903-1995 | Spaulding, Albert C. (Albert Clanton), 1914-1990 | Birket-Smith, Kaj, 1893-1977 | Eiseley, Loren C., 1907-1977 | Eisenberger, E. | MacDonald, Ada S. | Swales, Bradshaw Hall, 1875- | Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie, 1903-1988 | Douglas, Frederic H. (Frederic Huntington), 1897-1956 | Cartwright, Willena Dutcher | Jones, Volney H. (Volney Hurt), 1903-1982 | Linton, Ralph, 1893-1953 | Cooper, John M. (John Montgomery), 1881-1949 | Caldwell, Joseph R.
Subject:Fieldwork | Ethnography | Ethnohistory | Anthropology | Archaeology | Shamanism | Scapulimancy | Treaties | Mounds | Basketry | Indian arts--North America | Place names | Museums | Ethnology
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Drafts | Essays | Reports
Extent:18 folders
Description: This entry concerns materials relating to Speck's general study of Native American peoples, languages, and cultures east of the Mississippi, as well as to his activities as a consulted expert in the field. Includes Speck's miscellaneous notes on the southeast; notes on "tribal remnants" in the southeast; notes on shamanism in the northeast; notes on the 1941 symposium Man in Northeastern America; offprints, drafts, and synopses of the work of others, sometimes with Speck's notes, including several that were printed in Frederick Johnson's 1946 volume based on the symposium, Man in Northeastern North America; archaeological reports on southeastern pottery, mound sites, and the Georgia coast; a student's master's thesis on mound-builders; and letters from various correspondents regarding eastern Indian baskets, museum specimens, the sale of Indian art and specimens, the ethnohistory of the southeast, Indian place names, archaeological sites in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, scapulimancy, copies of Indian treaties from a museum in Nova Scotia, and other topics.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1777-1950, bulk 1914-1950
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Parker, Arthur Caswell, 1881-1955 | Newhouse, Seth | Buck, John L. | Séguin, Robert-Lionel | Wallace, Paul A. W. | Ioma, John | Moses, Jesse | Smith, Harlan Ingersoll, 1872-1940 | Deardorff, Merle H., 1890-1971 | Hill, David
Subject:Ethnography | Anthropology | Wampum | Religion | Funeral rites and ceremonies | Rites and ceremonies | Government relations | Warfare | Hunting | Agriculture | Population | Museums | Material culture | Art
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Reports | Drafts | Notes | Essays
Extent:23 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Haudenosaunee history, language, and culture. Includes correspondence with Haudenosaunee consultants like John L. Buck, Seth Newhouse, Josiah Hill, David S. Hill, etc., on topics ranging from the seizure of wampum by the Canadian government, Newhouse's request that Speck secure wampum for him, Newhouse's offer to sell Speck his history manuscript, which he has been working on since 1885 [#1650], Haudenosaunee burial customs, religion, etc.; an essay by Jesse Moses titled "The Long-House man, a Six Nations Indian of Canada speaks his mind," about the relationship of Christianity and the long-house religion; Speck's correspondence with William N. Fenton, principally concerning field work among the Catawba, Cherokee, and Houma but also touching on Fenton's Seneca field work, Speck's various studies of the Haudenosaunee, and the Second Conference on Iroquois Research; correspondence with other anthropologists about various aspects of Haudenosaunee history and culture such as material culture specimens, archaeology, historical sources, agriculture, education, warfare, religion, population statistics, etc.; a draft of Speck's "Reflections on Iroquois religion" and related correspondence; an undated document describing a meeting of Delaware, Nanticoke, and Canadian Iroquois in the presence of Speck and recounting the injustices suffered by Indians in United States and Canada; a copy of a 1777 treaty made by Peter F. Timothy, a Moravian Delaware, in August 1888, and transmitted to Speck by Jesse Moses; and Speck's research notes and other miscellaneous correspondence on topics such as masks, art, museum specimens, hunting territory, chiefships, words, warfare with the Abenaki, the Delaware-as-women theme, academic publications and conferences, etc.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Date:1895-1948
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Peters, Nicodemus | Moses, Jesse | Springer, Ethel M. (Ethel Maria), 1880- | Witapanóxwe | Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie, 1903-1988 | Montour, Josiah | Washington, Fred | Washington, Jane | Washington, Joe | Greywacz, Kathryn B. | Lilly, Eli, 1885-1977 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Shoemaker, Henry W., 1880-1958 | Wallace, Paul A. W. | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Anderson, George | Hill, Jasper (Big White Owl)
Subject:Ethnography | Anthropology | Linguistics | Museums | Social life and customs | Rites and ceremonies | Material culture | Peyote | Religion | Art | Folklore | Place names | Botany | Oklahoma--History | Ontario--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Notebooks | Drafts | Essays | Sketches | Photographs | Reports
Extent:57 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Lenape (or "Delaware") history, language, and culture. Speck's correspondence with Delaware collaborators in Oklahoma relating to Lenape history, ethnographic data, linguistics, museum specimens, and reservation affairs, etc., might be of particular interest; there are also several tales related by Witapanóxwe, or War Eagle, other tales and texts (some with interlineal translation) from Josiah Montour and other unknown contributors, and 11 sketches of Lenape art designs. Other correspondence touches on Speck's efforts to collect specimens (and individuals and institutions interested in acquiring them), his efforts to collect paintings and sketches of ceremonies and designs, his fieldwork and expenses, financial support from the University of Pennsylvania and Indiana Historical Society, Shawnee data on Oklahoma Delawares, the Big House Ceremony, efforts to acquire a Delaware Big House to erect in Harrisburg, Delawares-as-women, etc. There are also at least 82 pages (in three folders) of Speck's field notes of ethnographic and linguistic data, and over 50 pages (in two folders) of Speck's miscellaneous notes (including some correspondence) on topics such as Gladys Tantaquidgeon and Lenape designs, botanical specimens, linguistic materials, museum specimens, the Walam Olum, the "Six Nation Delaware reservation", the celestial bear theme, native religion, reviews of Speck's publications, etc. Other notes cover Delaware grammar and vocabulary, Delaware clans and social organization, dualism in Delaware religion, the influence of Christianity on Delaware religion, the provenance of Delaware museum specimens obtained from Delawares in Oklahoma and Canada, biographical information on Joseph Montur and Nicodemus Peters, etc. There are also various drafts, essays, lectures and other writings by Speck on topics such as Delaware religion, ceremonies, peyote rites, designs, population, remnant populations in the east, history, place names, a Delaware bibliography and a notebook of reports to the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee on fieldwork among Oklahoma Delaware, St. Francis Abenaki, Munsee and Six Nations (Haudenosaunee) Delaware, Tutelo, Cayuga, 1931-1936.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet
Zuni includes: A:shiwi
Tutelo includes: Yesan
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Passamaquoddy includes: Peskotomuhkati
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Abenaki includes: Abnaki
Language:English | Abenaki, Eastern
Date:1908-1947
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Gordon, G. B. (George Byron), 1870-1927 | Day, Gordon M. | Gandy, Ethel | Eckstorm, Fannie Hardy, 1865-1946 | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Wilder, Harris Hawthorne, 1864-1928 | Nassau, Robert Hamill, 1835-1921 | Osgood, Cornelius, 1905-1985 | Ranco, Dorothy | Princess Pretty Woman | Nelson, Roland E.
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Social life and customs | Politics and government | Hunting | Religion | Linguistics | Art | Place names | Kinship | Material culture | Museums | Specimens | New England--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Notes | Correspondence | Essays | Drafts | Stories | Transcriptions
Extent:27 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Penobscot language, history, and culture, and his preparation of his book Penobscot Man. This includes several folders of Speck's field notes, notes organized around specific topics (including data not used in Speck's published works), copies and drafts of lectures and essays, correspondence, etc. Topics include Penobscot social organization, calendar system, house furnishings, hunting morality, animal lore, religion, art, sayings, alphabet, counting and measuring, canoe-making, face-painting, texts with interlineal translations, and "Bird Lore of the Northern Indians" (a faculty public lecture at the University of Pennsylvania). Additionally, significant correspondence concerns the preparation, expenses, dissemination, and reception of his Penobscot publications. Other topics of correspondence include Ethel Gandy's monograph on Penobscot art; names of chiefs and their clans; "clown" performances outside of the southwest among the Penobscot, Iroquois [Haudenosaunee], Abenaki, and Delaware; place names; the relationship of Penobscot-Mohegan and Mahican; a comparison of Zuni-Navajo and Red Paint; Tutelo. There is a particularly large folder of Speck's miscellaneous Penobscot notes containing both a variety of notes and correspondence from Penobscot consultants as well as non-Native colleagues. These include letters from Roland E. Nelson (Needahbeh, Penobscot) concerning drum for exhibit; letters from Nelson, Franz Boas, John M. Cooper, William B. Goodwin, E. V. McCollum, and J. Dyneley Prince, all concerning Penobscot Man; Clifford P. Wilson concerning moosehair embroidery; Edward Reman concerning Norse influence on Penobscot; Carrie A. Lyford concerning moose-wool controversy and Ann Stimson's report; Ann Stimson, letter of thanks; Henry Noyes Otis concerning genealogy of Indians named Sias on Cape Cod (Speck marked this Penobscot); Princess Pretty Woman (Passamaquoddy) concerning her dress (apparently at the Penn Museum); Dorothy Ranco (Penobscot) concerning Princess Pretty Woman's dress; Roland W. Mann, concerning site of Indian occupancy according to Penobscot tradition; Ryuzo Torii, letter of introduction. Other miscellaneous items include a 5-page transcript of agreements between Indians of Nova Scotia and the English, August 15, 1749; 2 pages, transcript of agreement of July 13, 1727 (letter of transmittal, Lloyd Price to Miss MacDonald, September 24, 1936); Ann K. Stimson, Moose Wool and Climbing Powers of the American Mink; miscellaneous field notes on topics like songs, kinship, totem, medicine, and social units; and 4 pages of Penobscot words and their cultural use.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1931-1942
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | John, Samuel | Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Nash, George | Ruck, Mrs. John
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Rites and ceremonies | Funeral rites and ceremonies | Music | Museums | Specimens | Religion | Adoption
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Field notes | Drafts | Notebooks
Extent:5 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in Tutelo language, history, and culture. These include three letters from Canadian (Grand River, Ontario) Delaware Samuel John concerning John's Tutelo background and Speck's visit to Canadian Delawares; Speck's field notes from Grand River, Ontario on recordings of Tutelo and Onondaga songs and noting the order of rites [see also Speck (1942)]; Speck's Tutelo field notes from Ohsweken including a notebook of 53 pages of ceremonials, an account of Tutelo ceremonial procedure, a note on the Cayuga burial and redressing ceremony, and letters from indigenous consultants George Nash and Mrs. John Ruck concerning museum specimens; 12 pages of miscellaneous notes and correspondence, including a 1-page list of Tutelo names, 2 pages on Longhouse religious ceremonies, 1 note card and 4 pages of reading notes on adoption rites, two letters from John R. Swanton to Speck citing Byrd's History of the Dividing Line for Sappony-Tutelo references and concerning Tutelo linguistic forms and relationships, a letter from William N. Fenton to Speck concerning Tutelo songs and difficulties of attending Seneca longhouse ceremonies, and a letter from H. W. Dorsey (Smithsonian Institution) transmitting a photo of a Tutelo adoption necklace; and an 11-page draft of an essay on Tutulo ceremonies focusing on the adoption rite. (NOTE: portions of these materials pertaining to Tutelo ceremonies may be restricted due to potential cultural sensitivity.)
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English | Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai
Date:circa 1962-1964
Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989
Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Yuman languages | Arizona--History
Type:Text
Genre:Notes | Field notes | Vocabularies | Drafts | Essays
Extent:4 folders, 1 box
Description: Materials relating to James Crawford's interest in and study of Yavapai culture and the Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai language. There are two folders of particular interest in Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks--Other. The first is a folder labeled "Havasupai" [1962] containing 17 pages of words collected at the Grand Canyon from Lorenzo Sinyella (whose grandfather, Ole Man Sinyella, worked with Leslie Spier), recorded by Crawford, and including bits of information on a few other language consultants as well. The other folder is labeled "Yavapai Word List" and contains a word list collected by Crawford from Viola Jimulla at the Yavapai-Prescott Indian Reservation in 1962; several slips of paper, some including personal details of various language consultants, i.e., Charley Pattea (Yavapai), Kate Crozier (Walapai), etc.; several sheets of loose-page paper with more information on Yavapai, Cocopa, Mohave, Diegueño, etc. consultants and linguistics dated to 1963; and a word list collected from Warren Gazzam (Yavapai Western) in 1963. There is also a folder containing a typed copy, handwritten notes, and other materials (including homework exercises and a preliminary draft) relating to Crawford's "Proto-Yuman: Reconstructed from Cocopa, Diegueño, Maricopa, and Yavapai" [1964] in Series III-C. Works by Crawford--Yuman; a folder labeled "Comparison of Cocopa, Maricopa, Diegueño, and Yavapai" [1964?], containing handwritten charts comparing elements of those four languages and Kiliwa in Series IV-A. Research Notes and Notebooks--Cocopa; and "Possible Cognates to Yuchi in Siouan, Atakapa, Yava, Maidu, etc." [1971-1977], which contains 9 full sheets and 2 slips of handwritten notes comparing Yuchi, Biloxi, Ofo, Catawba, Atakapa, Maidu, Yava, Wocco, Tutelo, etc., in Series IV-B. Research Notes & Notebooks--Yuchi. Finally, there is one box of card-sized paper slips, Yavapai-English and English-Yavapai, with penciled notes, in Series V. Card Files. See related materials in Yuman entry for the Crawford Papers.
Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)
Culture:
Date:circa 1969-1987
Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989 | Fogelson, Raymond D. | Sturtevant, William C.
Subject:Linguistics | Ethnography | Anthropology | Oklahoma--History | Education
Type:Text | Three-dimensional object
Genre:Drafts | Essays | Field notes | Vocabularies | Stories | Notes | Notebooks | Disks | Disks | Correspondence
Extent:34 folders, 45 boxes, 4 magnetic tapes
Description: Materials relating to James Crawford's interest in and research on the Yuchi language. Items in Series III-B. Works by Crawford—Yuchi include "Biloxi, Ofo, and Yuchi" [1970], a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Anthropological Society; "Reconnaissance Among Several Indian Groups in Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana" [1969], 2 folders containing typed and edited drafts of the narrative of a research trip including itinerary, names of people contacted, names of possible informants, and vocabulary items [See related materials regarding Crawford's research trips searching for data on the Mobilian trade language]; "Timucua and Yuchi: Two Language Isolates of the Southeast" [1977], 2 folders containing typed and edited drafts of an essay published in “The Languages of North America: Historical and Comparative Assessment,” edited by Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun; "Yuchi" [n.d.], a 7-page Xeroxed copy of the “Yuchi” entry, focusing on history and sources, in a volume on Southeastern Indian Languages; "Yuchi" in Handbook of North American Indians [1979], 2 folders of handwritten notes, typed drafts, and other research for the Yuchi entry in the Handbook; "Yuchi Phonology" [1970s], 3 folders of handwritten and typed notes and drafts of an essay on Yuchi and "Yuchi Text with Translation" [1972], containing handwritten and typed versions of a text and translation Crawford was preparing for publication. Items in Series IV-B. Research Notes & Notebooks—Yuchi include a word list and phrases in Yuchi and English in a folder labeled “Handouts” [n.d.]; 2 pages of unidentified linguistic notes and one page listing language consultants for Yuchi, Creek, and Shawnee in a folder labeled “Informants” [n.d.]; a typed copy and Xeroxed copy of a list of phrases demonstrating Yuchi negation in a folder labeled “Negation” [n.d.]; a folder of typed and handwritten “Notes on Yuchi Syntax” [1978]; "Possible Cognates to Yuchi in Siouan, Atakapa, Yava, Maider, etc." [1971-1977], which contains 9 full sheets and 2 slips of handwritten notes comparing Yuchi, Biloxi, Ofo, Catawba, Atakapa, Maidu, Yava, Wocco, Tutelo, etc.; "Some Possible Cognates Between Yuchi and Siouan and Between Yuchi and Tunica" [1976], containing a typed three-page chart comparing Yuchi, Dakota, and Biloxi (also with some Catawba examples); a folder of “Rough Sheets” containing handwritten Yuchi linguistic notes and charts; two five-inch floppy discs and a dot matrix print-out in a folder labeled “Yuchi Data” [1985]; and a folder of handwritten and typed Vocabularies and linguistic data in “Yuchi Vocabulary by Seymour Frank” [1970]. Nine field notebooks dating to 1970, 1971, and 1973 might be of particular interest. As well as linguistic information, Crawford also kept track of his itinerary, possible language consultants, etc. Crawford's interest in the Mobilian trade language is clear from the start, as he mentions Arzelia Langley and other consultants early on in #1 before focusing on Yuchi. Interviews with Maggie Poncho and Leonard Lavan are at the end of #4 after Crawford spent most of the summer working with Yuchi consultants, and his pursuit of Mobilian resumed in the summer of 1971 with #5, when Lavan was dying and no longer recognized Crawford, but Crawford worked with members of the Langley and Medford families and continued searching for more Mobilian speakers before again spending most of the summer working with Yuchi consultants in Sapulpa, Oklahoma. In the summer of 1973, Crawford worked on Yuchi in Sapulpa again before heading to Arizona and spending the rest of the summer working on Cocopa, particularly Cocopa baby talk. Language consultants mentioned include Frank Seymour, Nancy Wildcat, Addie George, Maggie Poncho, Leonard Lavan, Claude Medford, and many more potential consultants mentioned. A tenth notebook, dated to 1987 and largely empty, records another brief trip to Sapulpa to work again with Addie George and other Yuchi consultants. These notebooks, as well as a folder labeled “Notes” that is filled with miscellaneous handwritten and typed notes relating to Crawford's research trips, work on the Yuchi language, work with Yuchi people on bilingual education, and the like, all mention numerous Yuchi and other indigenous individuals and sometimes include genealogical and family history information as well. Finally, there are 45 boxes of word slips, Yuchi—English and English—Yuchi, in Series V. Card Files, and four magnetic tapes of Yuchi linguistic materials dating from 1979 to 1986 in Series IV-B, Research Notes & Notebooks—Yuchi (an Oversized series). See also: the Mobilian entry and the Linguistics entry for the Crawford Papers for related materials, including more field notes from Crawford's visits to Sapulpa and with other Yuchi consultants and materials relating to Crawford's work with bilingual education with Yuchis in Oklahoma, including a booklet titled “Euchee Mission Reunion” in “Sapulpa, Oklahoma Public Schools” in Series II. Subject Files. Finally, Series I. Correspondence contains correspondence from Raymond Fogelson with reader reports from William Sturtevant and Lew Ballard on Crawford's Yuchi entry for the Handbook of North American Indians, and Crawford's reply asking that the entry be reassigned due the years that have passed since he submitted the essay and the considerable edits required to revise the entry for and correspondence from William Sturtevant regarding attempts by Kristian Hvidt (librarian of the Danish parliament) to learn more about 1735 Georgia drawings by Baron Philipp Georg von Reck, a commissaire to the Salzburgers who settled at Ebenezer, along with Crawford's subsequent notes and drafts of a brief essay on the history and nature of the images, stressing the Yuchi and Creek elements.
Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)