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Culture:
Date:1781-1819 and undated
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Green, Daniel (Mohawk) | Killbuck, John (William Henry) | Beaver, Mr. | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808 | Miller, Samuel | Hopocan, approximately 1725-1794 (Captain Pipe)
Subject:Government relations | Linguistics | Missions | Social life and customs | Pennsylvania--History | Moravians
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Notes | Essays
Extent:16 items
Description: These items includes notes, letters, and essays on the history, manners, and languages of Native peoples, particularly the Lenape ("Delaware"), sent by Heckewelder to the Committee and to members of the American Philosophical Society. Contains answers to queries, historical material (such as the arrival of Europeans; relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee), Indian speeches, replies to letters of Peter S. Du Ponceau, references to Swedish-Lenape translations, Indian writing, translations of English into Indian languages. Mentions Delaware individuals, both named and unnamed.
Collection:Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821 (Mss.970.1.H35c)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:April 15, 1847
Contributor:Heckewelder, Johanna Maria
Subject:Politics and government | Government relations | Ohio--History | Moravians | Missions | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:4 pages
Description: Photocopy of letter to Lyman Copeland Draper. Original in the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Concerning certain Indian leaders and other topics as noted and discussed in her father's papers. Individuals mentioned include Simon, chief of the Girlys [possibly a reference to Simon Girty]; Delaware chief Shingash; Delaware chief Captain Pipe or Hopocan [or Hopokan, aka Konieschquanoheel], who led the Wolf clan; Machingwe Pushas, Hopocan's successor [possibly means Hockingpomska]; and Gelelemend, aka John Killbuck, Jr., leader of the Turtle clan and successor to White Eyes, aka Koquethagechton. Other topics include Indian-white relations in Pennsylvania (particularly relating to Delawares) and the murders of Christian Delawares at the Moravian mission town of Gnadenhutten by David Williamson and his men.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder papers (Mss.B.H35)
Culture:
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1850-1855
Contributor:Meriam, E. (Ebenezer), 1794-1864 | Thomas, Jameson L. | La Fort, Thomas | Hill, David
Subject:Cultural assimilation | Missions | Education | Religion | Politics and government | Government relations | New York (State)--History | Politics and government | Religion
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:32 items
Description: "Letters of Onondaga Indians." Letters from two young Christian Onondaga Indians, Thomas La Fort and Jameson L. Thomas, about their efforts to get an education so they might help their tribe; from Chief David Hill, leader of the Christian Onondagas, asking for financial and political aid when the New York state legislature refused money for a school on the Onondaga reservation, and when the Christian and traditionalist factions sought to divide the reservation between them. Letters are itemized, with brief descriptions, in the guide to the Ebenezer Meriam Correspondence.
Collection:Ebenezer Meriam correspondence (Mss.970.3.On1)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1795
Contributor:Jackson, Halliday, 1771-1835 | Pickering, Timothy, 1745-1829 | Parish, Jasper, 1767-1836
Subject:Missions | Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | Religion | Government relations | Brotherton Indians | New England--History | Pennsylvania--History | Diplomacy
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Notes | Correspondence | Censuses
Extent:142 pages
Description: Materials compiled by Pennsylvania Quaker missionary Halliday Jackson. Titled "Negotiations with the Indians of Pennsylvania by the Society of Friends to 1795," this assemblage contains a census of Native groups; miscellaneous information about various Native peoples; a verbatim collection of previous speeches and messages to and from various Native groups; letters from Timothy Pickering, Jasper Parrish [or Parish], and Isadore Chapin; and a discussion of various Iroquoian, Stockbridge, Brotherton, etc., peoples. Mention of Connediu (Handsome Lake). Original in possession of Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Collection:Halliday Jackson journal, 1814 (Mss.Film.631b)
Culture:
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1741-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Ettwein, John, 1721-1802 | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808 | Loskiel, George Henry, 1740-1814
Subject:Missions | Moravians | Religion | Social life and customs | Pennsylvania--History | Ohio--History | North Carolina--History | Politics and government | Government relations | United States--History--Revolution, 1775-1783
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Correspondence | Reports | Journals | Autobiographies | Memoranda
Extent:1 reel
Description: Materials from the Moravian Archives, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. These papers include letters, reports, and journals relating to Indians, Moravian missions, and communities at Salem (N.C.), Bethlehem (Pa.), and Gnadenhütten, Muskingum, and Fairfield in Upper Canada. Also included are personal correspondence and an autobiography. Contains 86 letters, journals, reports, etc., pertaining to the travels and missionary activities of Heckewelder, mostly in German. Also includes 7 journals, memoranda, and miscellaneous materials of David Zeisberger, pertaining to his years with Indians. Many of the former materials were utilized and published by Paul A. W. Wallace (1958); the latter includes Zeisberger's Memoranda on Indians; Journey to the Six Nations (Haudenosaunee), Nanticokes and Shawanees (Shawnee) in April, 1752, to July, 1752; Conrad Weiser, Observations made on the pamphlet entitled "An enquiry ... [1759]"; Birth records for the 1780s at Friedenshutten and Gnadenhütten; Catalogue of Indians baptized by the United Brethren, 1765-1814 (721 names); and a memorandum of Zeisberger on the Onondaga.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters and manuscripts (Mss.Film.514)
Culture:
Piscataway includes: Conoy
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:October 3, 1738; April 1756; March 10, 1778; January 13, 1788; March 4, 1856
Contributor:Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission | Logan, James, 1674-1751 | Du Ponceau, Peter Stephen, 1760-1844 | Vogler, Jesse | Montour, Andrew | Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826 | Pennsylvania. Provincial Council | Peters, Richard, 1704-1776 | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808
Subject:Government relations | Pennsylvania--History | Missions | Moravians | Linguistics | Treaties | Diplomacy | Ohio--History | Place names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Minutes | Speeches | Reports
Extent:10 items
Description: Relevant materials can be found in the finding aid under the specific dates listed. Materials include information relations with the colony of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania's Indian affairs more generally, particularly Quaker involvement, embassies to Wyoming (PA) and elsewhere, and gifts for Indians; Indian relations with the federal government of the United States; Delaware materials in the Moravian Archives at Bethlehem and elsewhere; review of Du Ponceau's Delaware Grammar in Revue Encyclopedique; Place names; Heckewelder's Account of the Indian nations; Harrison's 1803 treaty with the Delawares and other Indians at Fort Wayne; Indian settlements in Ohio, and the difficulty of Christian Indians; a Delaware spelling book with vocabularies. Other individuals mentioned include Nookamis, "Sandusky Indian," Ettwein, Zeisberger, and Paul A.W. Wallace.
Collection:Miscellaneous Manuscripts Collection (Mss.Ms.Coll.200)
Culture:
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1940
Contributor:Parish, Jasper, 1767-1836 | Newton, Dorothy May Fairbank | Pickering, Timothy, 1745-1829
Subject:Indian agents | New York (State)--History | Government relations | Diplomacy | Treaties | Missions | Land tenure | Politics and government | Land claims | Land grants | United States--History--War of 1812 | Warfare
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Biographies | Theses | Correspondence | Maps | Transcriptions | Reports | Instructions | Government Documents and Records
Extent:1 reel
Description: "Letters and documents relating to the government service of Jasper Parrish among the Indians of New York State," compiled and edited by Mrs. Dorothy May Fairbanks Newton, 1940. This Vassar College student thesis contains text written by Newton, transcriptions of letters to and from Parrish [aka Parish, an Indian agent and interpreter] and other documents, and 54 letters and 5 maps pertaining to Indian affairs in New York State. Newton used primary documents found in Vassar College's Jasper Parrish Papers Collection. Originals of both thesis and the primary documents it is based on are at Vassar College.
Collection:Letters and documents relating to the government service of Jasper Parrish among the Indians of New York state, 1790-1831 (Mss.Film.650)
Culture:
Massachusett includes: Massachuseuk
Language:English
Date:1664-1688
Contributor:Eliot, John, 1604-1690
Subject:Missions | Religion | New England--History | Massachusetts--History | Canada--History--To 1763 (New France) | Social life and customs | Warfare | Government relations | Politics and government
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Correspondence
Extent:10 items
Description: Ten letters from Protestant missionary John Eliot to natural philosopher Robert Boyle of the Royal Society for Improving Natural Knowledge about Eliots work among the so-called "praying Indians" of southern New England. Topics include the religious education of Native peoples; the estates, affairs, and habits of the "praying Indians" and the locations of their churches; the need for Bibles; Eliot's work translating the Bible and preparing a grammar of Indian printings of Bibles; Bibles, grammars, and other books being distributed to New England Indians; acknowledgement of gifts of money received and thanks for the same; French Indians; danger of attack by the Manquacq Indians [Minqua? Mi'kmaq?]; and the missionary work of Daniel Gookin. In the final letter (1688), conscious of his approaching death, Eliot would use £30 given him by Boyle many years ago for Gospel work to further the efforts of Daniel Gookin and John Cotton; also would like Gospel society to bear expense of printing and have Cotton revise other works Eliot has translated into the Indian language. Originals at the Royal Society of London.
Collection:Royal Society (Great Britain) miscellaneous correspondence and documents (Mss.Film.460)
Culture:
Date:1735-1900
Contributor:Moravian Archives (Bethlehem, Pa.)
Subject:Moravians | Moravian Church | Missions | Linguistics | Religion | Social life and customs | Government relations
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Correspondence | Diaries | Reports | Minutes | Church records
Extent:40 reels
Description: This collection contains correspondence, diaries, reports, letters, conference minutes, church registers and catalogs, and other papers documenting the work of Moravian missionaries among the Indians of North America. Includes language materials in Delaware, Creek, Mohawk, and Onondaga; and materials pertaining to the Chippewa, Cherokee, Nanticoke, and Shawnee. Materials cover New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Kansas, Georgia, Oklahoma, and Ontario. Originals in the Archives of the Moravian Church, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
Collection:Moravian mission among the Indians of North America records, 1735-1900 (inclusive), [microform] (Mss.Film.1279)