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Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Language:English | German | Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian
Date:1883-1884
Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Comer, George | Weike, Wilhelm, 1859-1917
Subject:Linguistics | Nunavut--History | Place names | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Diaries | Drawings | Maps | Notebooks | Photographs | Sketchbooks | Sketches
Extent:1 linear foot
Description: The Inuit materials in the Franz Boas Professional Papers consist of approximately 11 folders, 3 diaries, 2 sketchbooks, and numerous maps and illustrations. Most of this material surrounds Boas' first fieldwork trip of his career to Baffin Island ("Baffinland") in 1883-1884. Under "Boas, Franz," most of this materials are labelled under "Arctic Expedition" or "Baffinland." These include Boas' diaries and sketchbooks, as well as typed translations of them. See also materials listed under "Weike, Wilhelm" for the diary of Boas' assistant during the expedition. The correspondence file for "Comer, George" contains additional information, as may other correspondence files.
Collection:Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers (Mss.B.B61p)
Culture:
Date:Circa 1888, Circa 1890, 1900, Circa 1910, 1934
Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
Subject:British Columbia--History | Linguistics | Place names
Type:Text
Genre:Maps | Stories | Vocabularies
Extent:201 pages, 2 maps
Description: The K'ómoks materials in the ACLS collection consist of several items relating to the Island Comox dialect, located in multiple sections of the finding aid. The primary material is in the "Comox" section of the finding aid, where there are two items recorded by Franz Boas. From 1890, there is "Comox-Satlolk materials" (item S2j.2) in German and English with Comox vocabulary and text with interlinear German translation, along with Satlolk-English vocabulary. "Comox and Pentlatch texts" (item S2j.1) contains texts with interlinear translations, most typed up from earlier fieldwork. In the "Pentlatch" section, "Pentlatch materials" (item S2j.3) contains 1 page of miscellaneous Island Comox sentences. In the "Salish" section, "Comparative vocabularies of eight Salishan languages" (S.1) includes Comox vocabulary derived from fieldwork and compared with other Salish languages. Finally, in the "Kwakiutl" section of the finding aid, "Maps of Vancouver Island and mainland, with Kwakiutl place names" (item W1a.11) includes some maps with Comox place names. "Kwakiutl ethnographic materials" (item 31) includes small amounts of occasional reference to Comox matters pertaining to their relations with the southern Kwakwaka'wakw tribes. See also "Squamish vocabulary," circa 1888, (item S2h.1,) which includes a comparative vocabulary for numbers in multiple Coast Salish languages.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Zulu includes: AmaZulu
Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw
Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish
K'ómoks includes: Comox
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk
Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo
Heiltsuk includes: Bella Bella, Haíɫzaqv
Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino
Date:1893-1951
Contributor:Homiskanis, Lucy | Francine, Tsukwani | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Hunt, George | Averkieva, Julia | Bryan, Ruth | Leechman, J. D. (John Douglas), 1890- | Smith, Marian W. (Marian Wesley), 1907-1961 | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922 | Yampolsky, Helene
Subject:Architecture | British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Fishing | Food | Games | Human remains | Hunting | Kinship | Linguistics | Marriage customs and rites | Material culture | Medicine | Museum objects | Music | Orthography and spelling | Personal names | Place names | Religion | Rites and ceremonies | Skulls | Social life and customs
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Autobiographies | Correspondence | Field notes | Dictionaries | Genealogies | Grammars | Maps | Musical scores | Notebooks | Photographs | Songs | Speeches | Transcripts | Vocabularies
Extent:Approx. 10,000 loose pages, 10 notebooks, 7000+ cards, 10+ maps
Description: The Kwakwaka'wakw materials in the ACLS collection are located predominantly in the "Kwakiutl" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing of all materials (other relevant sections are "Northwest Coast", "Bella Bella (Heitsuk)", and item AfBnd.4 in "Non-American and non-linguistic material"). Some of the larger individual sets of materials listed within this section also have their own specific tables of contents (available upon request) detailing their often highly diverse contents. Overall, the vast majority of the material is made of of 1) manuscripts sent to Boas by George Hunt from the 1890s to the 1930s, frequently in both Kwak'wala and English, covering a very broad range of Kwakwaka'wakw history, culture, languages, customs, and traditions; and 2) field work materials recorded by Boas and Boas' own analyses of material sent by Hunt, covering a similar range of topics. Additional materials by other individuals focus especially on linguistic and ethnographic matters. Also see the guide entry "Kwakiutl materials, Franz Boas Papers" for information on the correspondence between Boas and Hunt, which gives additional context to the materials in the ACLS collection.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)