Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

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Material on Iroquois Dialects and Languages

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Cherokee

Date:1950

Subject:Folklore | Linguistics | New York (State)--History | Ontario--History

Type:Sound recording

Genre:Autobiographies | Conversations | Stories

Extent:7 sound tape reels (4 hr., 25 min.) : DIGITIZED

Description: This collections consists of texts in several Iroquoian languages (Cayuga, Cherokee, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, Tuscarora) recorded and played back to other speakers to test the mutual intelligibility of the languages for various speakers. The recordings comprise numerous texts in these languages, administered mutual intelligibility tests, stories, and conversations, all predominantly untranslated. Originally recorded on wire in the fall of 1950 at various locations in the United States and Canada. Later copied to sound tape reels. The Native speakers involved in these recordings are as follows. The Cayuga language speaker was Jane Owl, recorded at Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (N.Y.) The Cherokee speaker was David Owl, recorded at Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (N.Y.) The Mohawk speakers were Ernest Benedict and Sadie Curlyhead, recorded at Akwesasne (Saint Regis), and Ernest Benedict and Mr. & Mrs. Charles Benedict, recorded at Akwesasne (Cornwall, Ontario). The Oneida speakers were Harry Antone, Betsy Antone, Rosa Antone, Billy Antone, and Mr. & Mrs. Chapman Schanandoah, recorded at the Onondaga Indian Reservation (N.Y.), and Albert Christian, recorded at Nedrow (N.Y.) The Onondaga speakers were Louis Lyons, recorded at the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (N.Y.), and George Thomas, Jr., Percy Smoke, Thomas Lewis, Pat Homer, and Floyd Henhawk, recorded at the Onondaga Indian Reservation (N.Y.) The Seneca speakers were as follows: Annie Lyons, recorded at the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation (N.Y.); a Mr. & Mrs. Smith, recorded at the Oneida Nation of the Thames in southwestern Ontario; Richard Johnny John, Colline Johnny John, Amos Johnny John, Lena Snow, Kenneth Snow, Albert Jones, Hubert Cusick, Lynn Dowdy, Henry Redeye, Elver Jacobs, and Mr. & Mrs. Laurence Jimerson, recorded at the Allegany Indian Reservation (N.Y.); Jesse Cornplanter and Solon Skye, recorded at the Tonawanda Indian Reservation (N.Y.) The Tuscarora speakers were Nellie Gansworth and William Mt. Pleasant, recorded at the Tuscarora Indian Reservation (N.Y.) (NOTE: This material has been digitized and can be accessed online for free by users not physically at the APS Library through a login and password. Please see our Audio Access Page for information on how to request these materials.)

Collection:Material on Iroquois Dialects and Languages (Mss.Rec.13)

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Materials on boarding schools, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Wichita

Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot

Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian

Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki

Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe

Stockbridge-Munsee

Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead

Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Shawnee

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére

Odawa includes: Ottawa

Penobscot

Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks

Ponca

Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi

Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Munsee

Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu

Mandan includes: Nueta

Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza

Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa

Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika

Lakota

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk

Hopi

Houma

Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq

Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je

Isleta includes: Tiwa

Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka

Catawba includes: Iswa

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Cherokee

Cheyenne

Chickasaw

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Comanche includes: Nʉmʉnʉʉ

Creek

Apache includes: Inde

Apache, Plains

Apache, Western includes: Apache, San Carlos

Arapaho includes: Arapahoe

Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi

Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota

Blackfeet includes: Blackfoot, Niitsítapi, Siksika, Siksikaitsitapi

Caddo

Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English

Date:1939-1943

Subject:Boarding schools | Cultural assimilation | Education | Hampton Institute | Haskell Institute

Type:Text | Still Image

Genre:Rosters | Correspondence | Photographs | Lantern slides

Extent:0.25 linear feet

Description: There are a few items in the Frank G. Speck Papers currently identified as relating to Indian boarding schools. In the collection guide, under Subcollection 1, Series 1, in Section XIII, "Miscellaneous," see item XIII(22H), "Haskell Institute Roster." This document lists Native students at the Haskell Institute boarding school in 1939-1940, giving name, age, address, and tribe. (The tribes of the students included are listed above at the top of this entry.) In Section IV, "Southeast," see item IV(15H3), "Yuchi miscellaneous notes," which contains a letter from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute), to Speck, April 6, 1941, as well as items under "C. Houma (Louisiana)" that relate to mission schools. In Subcollection I, Series II, Biographical Material, see letters (listed alphabetically by author) from Leona E. Giger and Ann Rolland, both students at Haskell in the early 1940s. Also see letter from "Redge" and Gladys Laulin regarding Chippewa boy returning home for dances. In Series III, Photographs, there is an undated photograph [#10-14(a)] from the Shingwauk Indian Residential School. See also school-related photos in folders "Creek #3," "Eskimo [Inuit] (Labrador) #4," "Houma #1," #2, #7, and #8, "Pamunkey #6," and "Penobscot: People #2." In Series IV, Lantern Slides, there are slides of Native and Black students at the Hampton Institute. More boarding school-related material may be identified in the collection with further research.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Micellaneous materials, Protestant missionaries to the American Indians, 1787 to 1862

Culture:

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Odawa includes: Ottawa

Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cherokee

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English

Date:1960

Contributor:Berkhofer, Robert F.

Type:Text

Genre:Microfilms | Dissertations

Extent:1 reel

Description: In this doctoral dissertation (Cornell University, 1960), Berkhofer compares and contrasts the differing missionary activities of Quakers, Moravians, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, to reactions among the Oneida, Seneca, Cherokee, Choctaw, Ojibwa [Ojibwe], Sioux [Dakota], Ottawa [Odawa], and Nez Perce.

Collection:Protestant missionaries to the American Indians, 1787 to 1862 (Mss.Film.1157)

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Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian

Culture:

Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot

Zuni includes: A:shiwi

Timucua

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Shawnee

Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Oceti Sakowin includes: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Sioux

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Sahtú includes: North Slavey

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Mattaponi

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Muscogee includes: Muskogee, Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek

Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Karankawa

Gwich'in includes: Kutchin, Loucheux, Tukudh

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Cherokee

Caddo

Calusa

Apache includes: Inde

Language:English

Date:1939-1945; 1947-Circa 1961; 1951-1962;

Contributor:Gillespie, John Douglas | Marriott, Alice, 1910-1992

Type:Text | Still Image

Genre:Grammars | Musical scores | Newspaper clippings | Photographs

Extent:Circa 350 volumes; 75 photographs; 75 newspaper clippings; 70 manuscripts

Description: This collection pertains principally to the Cherokees of North Carolina and Oklahoma and to their language, ethnography, folklore, archeology, history, music, etc. Includes Indian studies and correspondence by Gillespie, notes on Indian dances and linguistics, bibliographies, publications of the Archaeological Society of Brigham Young University, and newspaper clippings. Also comprised of materials on: Apache, Calusa, Chippewa, Choctaw, Delaware, Eskimo, Fox, Haudenosaunee, Karankawa, Gwich'in, Mattaponi, Muskogee, Navajo, Onondaga, Sauk, Seminole, Seneca, Shawnee, Sioux, Slave, Timucua, Tuscarora, Tutelo, Wyandot, and Zuni. Contains: Gillespie, "A grammar of western dialect of Cherokee language of the Iroquoian family," 1949-1954 (131 pages); "Miscellaneous material on the Cherokee Indians and language"; "Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian."

Collection:Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian (Mss.497.3.G41)

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Miscellaneous materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Tunica

Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian

Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho

Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl

Klamath

Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer

Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cherokee

Creek

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Catawba includes: Iswa

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Chinook

Chitimacha

Catawba includes: Iswa

Chickahominy

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Cheyenne

Language:English | German

Date:1904-1950

Type:Text

Extent:46 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's research and other professional activities. Items include Speck's notes taken during graduate work at Columbia University under Franz Boas, and utilized for his own anthropology courses at the University of Pennsylvania; Speck's miscellaneous notes comprising circa 500 bibliographic cards and reading notes sorted out by tribe and/or language, dealing with tribes and countries in which Speck did no field work [other entries of this type are to be found among the various groups of materials in the Speck collection, according to tribe]; correspondence concerning exhibits and specimens for the Chicago World's Fair and for the Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts in New York City; two letters from Boas regarding the work of the Committee on Research in Native American Languages; correspondence regarding topics such as the double-curve motif, family hunting areas, indigenous foods and cooking methods, wampum, silverwork, birch-bark technique, baskets, Speck's research and publications, the research and publications of others, obtaining indigenous material cultural specimens for Speck, purchases of indigenous material culture specimens (baskets, masks, etc.) from Speck, Speck's identification of items in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford University, Speck's bibliography, and Speck's obituary; letters requesting copies of Speck's publications, or acknowledging the transmission of publications between Speck and others; copies and/or drafts of several of Speck's presentations and publications, including "Lectures on Primitive Religion," "Land Ownership Among Hunting Peoples in Primitive America and the World's Marginal Areas," "Review of Lowie's Introduction to Cultural Anthropology," and "The Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonquian Art"; a bibliography of Speck's publications through 1942; rough drafts of miscellaneous papers, 1928-1948; Speck's notes on topics such as crane posture; Birket-Smith's 1946 "Plan for Circumpolar Research"; ten distribution maps for circumpolar culture traits, colored in with crayon to show distribution of traits including divination and miracle shamanism, sweat bath, turtle Atlas myth and world-tree concept, bone divination, bear veneration, curative power of mystic words and formulae, dog-ancestor myth, dog as soul leader, curvilinear patterns, and confession to cure taboo violation; and a prepublication manuscript of Hallowell's "The nature and function of property as a human institution" with additions and corrections.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Nanticoke materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Nanticoke

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English | Nanticoke

Date:1914-1943

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Mooney, James, 1861-1921

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes

Extent:3 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Nanticoke language, history, and culture. Includes Speck's miscellaneous Nanticoke notes, comprising a letter from Wes (?) to Speck, June 24, 1943, concerning Nanticoke J. Barton Cheyney to Speck, October 31, no year, concerning Delaware-white-Nanticoke relations; James Mooney to Speck, February 15, 1916, concerning Speck's Nanticoke article (1915); Franz Boas to Speck, March 29, 1916, on same subject. [See also Speck (1915).] Other materials include a document describing a meeting of Delaware, Nanticoke, and Canadian Iroquois in the presence of Speck and recounting injustices suffered by Native peoples in the United States and Canada [see also #1755] and Speck's notes on the Tuscarora in Canada, which include names for the Nanticokes in Cayuga, Tuscarora, Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, and Oneida; notes on wampum, folklore, and the Canadian Tuscarora; and some Nanticoke vocabulary.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Nation Within a Nation

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1967

Contributor:Mad Bear, -1985 | Siemering, Bill | Wilson, Duffy

Subject:Folklore | New York (State)--History | Politics and government | Social life and customs

Type:Sound recording

Genre:Interviews | Radio programs | Speeches | Stories

Extent:5 sound tape reels (2 hr., 41 min.) : DIGITIZED

Description: A radio program in a 5-part series on the Haudenosaunee produced in 1967 by Bill Siemering (later a co-founder of NPR) at WBFO at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Each episode is based around interviews conducted at Tuscarora Reservation and Tonawanda with various Haudenosaunee people, including Mad Bear, Corbett Sundown, and Mr. and Mrs. Duffy Wilson. The five episodes are "Early History," "Trails of Tears," "Indian Affairs," "Religion," and "Legends and Speeches." (NOTE: This material has been digitized and can be accessed online for free by users not physically at the APS Library through a login and password. Please see our Audio Access Page for information on how to request these materials.)

Collection:Nation Within a Nation (Mss.Rec.234)

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Ojibwe materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi

Penobscot

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Date:circa 1925-1967, bulk circa 1940-1941

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Notebooks | Stories | Essays

Extent:32 folders

Description: Several items relating to the Ojibwe (Ojibwa, Chippewa) language have been identified in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. They are located in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, they include relevant correspondence with John N. Seaman (regarding Chippewa fieldwork in Michigan and consultants Mr. Maidler [Medler?] and Charlie David) and a partial letter with Ojibwe text in the Unidentified folder; 6 boxes of Ojibwe notecards, 1 box of Seneca, Ojibwe and Penobscot notecards, and 2 folders of Ojibwe notes (mostly vocabulary and linguistic, but one slip notes addresses of consultants Nicholas Plain of Sarnia and Elijah Pinnance of Walpole Island--there is also, unexpectedly, a bibliography for sources on Arawakan languages at the end of Ojibwa #4) in Series II. comparative vocabularies of Ojibwe and Potawatomi ("Pottowatomi") in Series V. Research Notes Subseries V-A: Language Notes; unbound Eastern Ojibwe texts ("The Walpole Island" and others) in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-B: Text; and 24 folders of Ojibwe notebooks in Series VI. Notebooks. Contents of the Blackfoot and Ojibwe notebooks in this series were described in detail by Richard A. Rhodes in 1988. Blackfoot and Ojibwe notebooks are arranged in the order of Rhodes' list, a photocopy of which is filed in the first Blackfoot folder. In general the Ojibwe notebooks are full of vocabulary words and phrases on all kinds of topics, notes on various parts of speech, notes on dialects, texts both with and without English translations, etc. Several consultants are named, of which Angeline Williams is the most prominent [see Odawa entry for more on Angeline Williams]. At least some of these materials appear to be associated with the Linguistic Institute and might be the work of students. Materials in Subcollection II include correspondence with Leonard Bloomfield (letters written in Ojibwe, with some interlinear English translation) and John N. Seaman (regarding field work with Chippewa speakers in Oscoda, Michigan, including Dan Naganigan and his wife and Mrs. Silas) in Series I. Correspondence. Series II. Research Notes, Subseries III. Macro-Algonquian contains 19 folders of Ojibwe materials collected from Leonard Bloomfield, Angeline Williams, Andrew Medler, Dan Nakanikan and Mrs. John B. Silas, including dozens of texts and stories and Bloomfield's Vocabularies and notes on topics such as prefixes and suffixes and sentence structure [see finding aid for titles of texts and stories]. There are also Ojibwe examples in at least 6 folders ("Č and K," "L and M," "N and P," " Š and T," "Θ and ?" and "Specimens of Central Algonquian") of the many Comparative Algonquian notebooks in the same subseries (i.e., Macro-Algonquian). Finally, there is "Correspondence in Ojibwa: Charles F. Voegelin and Leonard Bloomfield" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries I: General works; and "Ojibwe grammar" by Leonard Bloomfield and "The Chippewa Noun System" by John N. Seaman in Series IV. Works by Others.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Ojibwe materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer

Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English | French

Date:1927-1949

Type:Text

Genre:Notes | Correspondence | Reviews | Stories | Maps

Extent:14 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Ojibwe language, history, and culture. Includes 15 pages of Tamagami [Temagami First Nation] myths and five texts in English; 21 pages of Matagama Ojibwe [Mattagami First Nation] notes, including a 2-page phonetic key, a letter from Speck to Samuel (i.e., James) Miller of Gogama requesting ethnographic and map data, 2 maps (one of Mattagami hunting territories), typed reading notes, and a sketch of a play for Mattagama Otcipwe [sic]; a Christmas circular letter telling the story of a Chippewa [Ojibwe] boy returning home for Dance; a copy of Speck's favorable review of Sister Bernard Coleman, "Decorative designs of the Ojibwa of northern Minnesota" [Printed, Speck (1949).]; and a brief popular account on Ojibwe hunting territories by Speck, refuting Roosevelt (1889-1896), who had denied that Indians have a sense of property, along with two pages of notes. Also includes several folders of correspondence, including correspondence with A. I. Hallowell in which Hallowell describes a field trip to the Berens River Saulteaux, Sweet Grass Cree (mentions attitude of Cree to Leonard Bloomfield), and Cold Lake Chipewyan, festivals, etc., and a letter from Speck to Hallowell with pencilled responses of Hallowell to questions asked; letters from D. H. Learmouth, a factor for Hudson's Bay Company at Waswanippi, recounting his experiences in adjudicating Matagama land inheritance and providing ethnographic data sought by Speck from Samuel (i.e., James) Miller of Gogama and data on hunting territories; letters from James E. Holden concerning unsuccessful attempts to purchase baskets at Nipigon; letters from J. Allan Burgesse regarding the Matagama Ojibwe and enclosing a drawing of a "flesher"and a list of hunting territories and biographical information on owners; a letter from Robert Solenberger concerning Tonawanda [Seneca] and Chippewa [Ojibwe] women who make baskets and giving their addresses; a letter from B. W. Thayer concerning Ojibwe beadwork found during a Minnesota field trip; a letter from Henry Woodman discussing the decline of crafts among Bear Island Indians (Temagami); a letter from Prentice Gilbert Downes about the circumboreal region, disucssing his visit to Naskapi near Davis Inlet, to Cree, and to Chippewas, along with 2 pages of notes (Speck?) in French-English, discussing changes in Indian culture; and a letter from Speck to Chief Mitchele Buckshot in Maniwaki, Quebec requesting buckskin and beadwork.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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One-lying-across: Lewis Henry Morgan

Culture:

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English | Seneca

Date:1965

Contributor:Grossman, Julian Aaron

Subject:Ethnography

Type:Still Image | Text

Genre:Biographies | Essays

Extent:29 pages

Description: Full title: "One Lying Across: Lewis Henry Morgan and the Birth of American Ethnology". This is a short study of Lewis Henry Morgan's interest in and study of the Haudenosaunee, with some details of the development of his interest. It includes a list in Seneca, and a black and white illustration of an Iroquois skirt.

Collection:One-lying-across: Lewis Henry Morgan (Mss.B.M823g)