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Culture:
Language:English
Date:1796-1809
Contributor:Hunter, George, 1755-1823
Subject:Expeditions | Natural history | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Journals | Travel narratives
Extent:4 volumes
Description: I. Journal kept by George Hunter of a tour from Philadelphia to Kentucky and the Illinois country. July 14 - October 18, 1796 (38 pages). Journal from Philadelphia towards Lexington, Kentucky, by George Hunter, Senior and Junior, August 19 - September 8, 1802 (28 pages). Miscellaneous accounts (2 pages). II. Continuation of journal of trip to Lexington, September 13 - 0ctober 26, 1802 (33 pages). Journey to explore Louisiana, May 27, 1804 - January 28, 1805 (36 pages). III. Journal of an excursion from Natchez on the Mississippi, October 16 - December 31, 1804 (40 pages). Thermometrical observations, October 18 - December 6, 1804 (27 pages). IV. Continuation of journal of excursion from Natchez, January 1 - March 27, 1805 (17 pages). Volume I mentions Indians resorting at the Wabash, gives account of Indian woman who lost nose for infidelity; mentions theft of horses and Indians hired to recover them (Delaware); Indian Gillaway among these. Volumes II, III, and IV, in part based on letters to Hunter's wife, probably copied from these. Volume III mentions Captain Jacobs; Delaware Indians; Chickasaw and Choctaw. Volume IV mentions murder of some Cherokees by Little Osages; plundering of white men by Grand Osages who had visited Washington; Choctaw woman mourning child; memo noting omission of description of Indian mounds, present in copy #472.
Collection:George Hunter Journals (Mss.B.H912)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1778-1779
Contributor:Brant, Joseph, 1742-1807 | Cox, John, 1731-1793 | Gibson, George, 1747-1791 | Greene, Nathaniel, 1742-1786 | Hooper, Robert Lettis, 1730?-1797 | Patterson, William, 1745-1806 | Pettit, Charles, 1736-1806 | Sheriff, Cornelius | Washington, George, 1732-1799
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:8 letters
Description: Letters related to an expedition of General Nathaniel Greene against the Haudenosaunee. Describes preparation, alcohol and destruction of Indian settlements. Mention of John Brant.
Collection:Nathanael Greene Papers (Mss.B.G83)
Culture:
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Date:1972-1973
Contributor:Heath, Jeffrey | Tubby, Hudson J. | Gardner, Jim | Isaac, Jackson | Henry, Frank | Denson, Charles | Henry, Bob | Willis, Basil | Ray, Thomas | Cox, Delton | Isaac, Calvin | Peterson, Jan | Evelyn, Wendy | Bell, Nicholas | Gibson, Clay | Tubby, Lewis | Thompson, Bobby
Subject:Folklore | Linguistics | Mississippi--History
Type:Sound recording | Text
Genre:Conversations | Interviews | Stories | Reports
Extent:1 linear foot (3 folders; 27 reel-to-reel tapes and cassettes)
Description: Two field notebooks, a report on fieldwork, and 27 reel-to-reel tapes and cassettes of recordings of the Mississippi Choctaw language made in 1972 and 1973. Most of the tapes match identified sections in the field notebooks. The collection includes texts, and lexica. Field notebooks describe where people are from (largely Pearl River, Mississippi), but it is not clear if the recordings were made here.
(NOTE: Part of this material has been digitized and can be accessed online for free by users not physically at the APS Library through a login and password. Please see our Audio Access Page for information on how to request these materials.)
Collection:Jeffrey Heath Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.228)
Date:1803
Contributor:Anmours, Chevalier d' | Cain, Robert H.
Subject:Expeditions | Mounds | Louisiana--History | Hunting | Commerce | Trade
Type:Text
Genre:Memoirs | Travel narratives | Translations
Extent:44 pages
Description: "Memoire sur le district du Ouachita dans le province de la Louisianne." No. 1 in Explorations in the Louisiana Country. Charles Francois Adrien Le Paulmier, Chevalier d'Annemours was France's general consul to Virginia and Maryland. His journal provides a detailed account of the geography of the Louisiana territory, especially its waterways. The Ouachita District is the primary focus of his report. He describes its geography, crops, and economic potential, and provides a series of observations about indigenous cultures and histories in the area, including trading cultures, hunting patterns, and mounds. Particularly mentions the Catahoulas. These references may pertain to the Caddo, Choctaw, Tunica, and Ofo.
The original is in French, but the APS has a translation done by Robert Cain in 1973.
Collection:Mémoire sur le district du Ouachita dans la province de la Louisianne, [1803] (Mss.917.6.Ex7)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa
Mandan includes: Nueta
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Isleta includes: Tiwa
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Comanche includes: Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfeet includes: Blackfoot, Niitsítapi, Siksika, Siksikaitsitapi
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Apache includes: Inde
Apache, Western includes: Apache, San Carlos
Language:English
Date:1939-1943
Contributor:Haskell Institute | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Giger, Leona E. | Rolland, Ann | Laulin, Reginald | Laulin, Gladys
Subject:Boarding schools | Cultural assimilation | Education | Hampton Institute | Haskell Institute
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Rosters | Correspondence | Photographs | Lantern slides
Extent:0.25 linear feet
Description: There are a few items in the Frank G. Speck Papers currently identified as relating to Indian boarding schools. In the collection guide, under Subcollection 1, Series 1, in Section XIII, "Miscellaneous," see item XIII(22H), "Haskell Institute Roster." This document lists Native students at the Haskell Institute boarding school in 1939-1940, giving name, age, address, and tribe. (The tribes of the students included are listed above at the top of this entry.) In Section IV, "Southeast," see item IV(15H3), "Yuchi miscellaneous notes," which contains a letter from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute), to Speck, April 6, 1941, as well as items under "C. Houma (Louisiana)" that relate to mission schools. In Subcollection I, Series II, Biographical Material, see letters (listed alphabetically by author) from Leona E. Giger and Ann Rolland, both students at Haskell in the early 1940s. Also see letter from "Redge" and Gladys Laulin regarding Chippewa boy returning home for dances. In Series III, Photographs, there is an undated photograph [#10-14(a)] from the Shingwauk Indian Residential School. See also school-related photos in folders "Creek #3," "Eskimo [Inuit] (Labrador) #4," "Houma #1," #2, #7, and #8, "Pamunkey #6," and "Penobscot: People #2." In Series IV, Lantern Slides, there are slides of Native and Black students at the Hampton Institute. More boarding school-related material may be identified in the collection with further research.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:1960
Contributor:Berkhofer, Robert F.
Subject:Missions | Religion | Moravians | Society of Friends | Methodists | Presbyterian Church | Baptists | Congregationalists
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Dissertations
Extent:1 reel
Description: In this doctoral dissertation (Cornell University, 1960), Berkhofer compares and contrasts the differing missionary activities of Quakers, Moravians, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Baptists, and Methodists, to reactions among the Oneida, Seneca, Cherokee, Choctaw, Ojibwa [Ojibwe], Sioux [Dakota], Ottawa [Odawa], and Nez Perce.
Collection:Protestant missionaries to the American Indians, 1787 to 1862 (Mss.Film.1157)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Zuni includes: A:shiwi
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Tutelo includes: Yesan
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Oceti Sakowin includes: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Sioux
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Sahtú includes: North Slavey
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Muscogee includes: Muskogee, Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Gwich'in includes: Kutchin, Loucheux, Tukudh
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Apache includes: Inde
Language:English
Date:1939-1945; 1947-Circa 1961; 1951-1962;
Contributor:Gillespie, John Douglas | Marriott, Alice, 1910-1992
Subject:Archaeology | Dance | Ethnography | Folklore | Linguistics | Medicine | Music | Rites and ceremonies
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Grammars | Musical scores | Newspaper clippings | Photographs
Extent:Circa 350 volumes; 75 photographs; 75 newspaper clippings; 70 manuscripts
Description: This collection pertains principally to the Cherokees of North Carolina and Oklahoma and to their language, ethnography, folklore, archeology, history, music, etc. Includes Indian studies and correspondence by Gillespie, notes on Indian dances and linguistics, bibliographies, publications of the Archaeological Society of Brigham Young University, and newspaper clippings. Also comprised of materials on: Apache, Calusa, Chippewa, Choctaw, Delaware, Eskimo, Fox, Haudenosaunee, Karankawa, Gwich'in, Mattaponi, Muskogee, Navajo, Onondaga, Sauk, Seminole, Seneca, Shawnee, Sioux, Slave, Timucua, Tuscarora, Tutelo, Wyandot, and Zuni. Contains: Gillespie, "A grammar of western dialect of Cherokee language of the Iroquoian family," 1949-1954 (131 pages); "Miscellaneous material on the Cherokee Indians and language"; "Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian."
Collection:Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian (Mss.497.3.G41)
Culture:
Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet
Yuchi includes: Euchee
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac
Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Catawba includes: Iswa
Date:1904-1950
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Cole, Fay-Cooper, 1881- | Gilmore, Melvin R. (Melvin Randolph), 1868-1940 | Haddon, Alfred C. (Alfred Cort), 1855-1940 | Edgerton, Franklin, 1885-1963 | Gusinde, Martin, 1886-1969 | Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Hiller, Wesley R. | Mooney, James, 1861-1921 | Nelson, Dorothy M. | Norton, Jeannette Young | Smith, Edgar F. (Edgar Fahs), 1854-1928 | Birket-Smith, Kaj, 1893-1977 | Ball, Carl | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Chase, Fannie S. | Cobb, Rodney Dale, 1907- | Dunnack, Henry E. | Field, Clark | La Rue, Mabel G: Myres, John Linton, Sir, 1869-1954 | Oak, Liston M., 1895-1970 | Staub, Peter | Wissler, Clark, 1870-1947 | Burgesse, J. Allan | Douglas, Frederic H. (Frederic Huntington), 1897-1956 | Raynolds, Frances R. | Eskew, James W. | Meier, Emil F. | Turner, Geoffrey
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Social life and customs | Hunting | Motifs | Specimens | Wampum | Material culture | Birch bark | Religion | Museums | Art | Masks | Basketry
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Notebooks | Bibliographies | Essays | Reports | Drafts | Maps
Extent:46 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's research and other professional activities. Items include Speck's notes taken during graduate work at Columbia University under Franz Boas, and utilized for his own anthropology courses at the University of Pennsylvania; Speck's miscellaneous notes comprising circa 500 bibliographic cards and reading notes sorted out by tribe and/or language, dealing with tribes and countries in which Speck did no field work [other entries of this type are to be found among the various groups of materials in the Speck collection, according to tribe]; correspondence concerning exhibits and specimens for the Chicago World's Fair and for the Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts in New York City; two letters from Boas regarding the work of the Committee on Research in Native American Languages; correspondence regarding topics such as the double-curve motif, family hunting areas, indigenous foods and cooking methods, wampum, silverwork, birch-bark technique, baskets, Speck's research and publications, the research and publications of others, obtaining indigenous material cultural specimens for Speck, purchases of indigenous material culture specimens (baskets, masks, etc.) from Speck, Speck's identification of items in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford University, Speck's bibliography, and Speck's obituary; letters requesting copies of Speck's publications, or acknowledging the transmission of publications between Speck and others; copies and/or drafts of several of Speck's presentations and publications, including "Lectures on Primitive Religion," "Land Ownership Among Hunting Peoples in Primitive America and the World's Marginal Areas," "Review of Lowie's Introduction to Cultural Anthropology," and "The Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonquian Art"; a bibliography of Speck's publications through 1942; rough drafts of miscellaneous papers, 1928-1948; Speck's notes on topics such as crane posture; Birket-Smith's 1946 "Plan for Circumpolar Research"; ten distribution maps for circumpolar culture traits, colored in with crayon to show distribution of traits including divination and miracle shamanism, sweat bath, turtle Atlas myth and world-tree concept, bone divination, bear veneration, curative power of mystic words and formulae, dog-ancestor myth, dog as soul leader, curvilinear patterns, and confession to cure taboo violation; and a prepublication manuscript of Hallowell's "The nature and function of property as a human institution" with additions and corrections.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Language:Chickasaw | Choctaw | English | Mobilian | French, Cajun
Date:1970
Contributor:Celestine, Phoebie | Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989 | Langley, Arzelie | Lavan, Leonard | Thomas, Esther
Subject:Linguistics | Louisiana--History
Type:Sound recording
Genre:Conversations | Interviews | Vocabularies
Extent:2 hr., 23 min. : DIGITIZED
Description: The Mobilian material in James Crawford's "Recordings of Native American languages" collection consist of two sets of recordings pertaining to Crawford's research into remaining speakers of the Mobilian trade language, or "Mobilian Jargon." One recording is located in "Series 9: Mobilian," which is discussion and inquiry into the language with Arzelie Langley, who is interpreted into English by her granddaughter. This is conducted primarily in Choctaw and Koasati, with some Mobilian words and phrases. A second set of Mobilian recordings are scattered among "Series 14: Yuchi." See especially item 27-11, "Mobilian words and phrases," recorded with speaker Leonard Lavan, which includes conversation about use of the language and remaining speakers. (NOTE: This material has been digitized and can be accessed online for free by users not physically at the APS Library through a login and password. Please see our Audio Access Page for information on how to request these materials.)
Collection:James Crawford Recordings of Native American languages (Mss.Rec.184)
Culture:
Date:circa 1969-1981
Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989
Subject:Linguistics | Ethnography | Anthropology
Type:Text
Genre:Field notes | Notebooks | Drafts | Notes | Reviews | Correspondence
Extent:23 folders
Description: These materials relate to James M. Crawford's interest in and research on the Mobilian trade language, particularly research and writing relating to his prize-winning book, The Mobilian Trade Language. The bulk of Mobilian materials in the Crawford papers are located in Series III-D. Works by Crawford—Other. These include 11 folders containing numerous typed drafts of the manuscript, with copious handwritten edits, some edits typed on cards and attached the relevant page, and page proofs. There are also 6 folders of research notes containing Crawford's notes on secondary sources from the fields of history, anthropology and linguistics; notes on primary documentary sources; typed early drafts of sections of the manuscript; linguistic notes and charts; typed and handwritten transcriptions from both primary and secondary sources; timelines; outlines; bibliographic lists; a bibliography of Mary Haas; a copy of Mary Haas' “What is Mobilian?”; and several loose-page pages of handwritten text apparently from the Bible translated into an indigenous language. A significant quantity of the research material is in French, transcribed or copied from French sources. In the same series are also two copies--one with penciled edits and one clean--of Crawford's “Mobile” essay in the "Dictionary of Indian Tribes of the Americas" [1979]. In Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks—Other, there is a folder titled "Mobilian Forms Collected August 27, 1970 from Leonard Lavan by J.M. Crawford Near Elton, Louisiana" containing 8 pages of notes and Vocabularies, mostly typed. Other consultants mentioned (page 7) are Daisy Sickey at Elton, Louisiana, and Maggie Poncho (Alabama) and Phoebie Celestine (Koasati) interviewed at the Alabama-Coushatta Reservation in Texas, also in August 1970; and a folder titled “Mobilian Search—Notebook,” containing one of Crawford's field notebooks in which he kept a record of a research trip in August-September, 1976 to Louisiana, Mississippi, and Oklahoma in search of Mobilian words. Crawford took 36 pages of detailed notes regarding distances traveled; costs of hotels, camp grounds, meals, and other expenses; conversations with Native people about their own knowledge of languages and possible leads on Mobilian; addresses and phone numbers of other potential consultants; his conversations with people in Oklahoma and elsewhere about Title IV, bilingual language programs, the preparation of education materials for that purpose, grants, etc.; and other events of the trip such as his malfunctioning tape recorder (a serious problem because he needed to play the tape of Arzelie Langley speaking Mobilian) and his Volkswagen camper breaking down. He also included notes on words and linguistics he gathered, reminders to send Xeroxed copies of linguistic and ethnographic information (Swanton's Houma word list, Chitimacha materials in Freeman's APS list, Yuchi materials, etc.) back to people he'd met, sketch maps to help find the homes of potential consultants, what he spent on baskets and from whom he purchased, other ethnographic data he picked up, etc. Native individuals mentioned include Claude Medford, Ernest Sickey, Burley Celestine, Della Celestine, Jim Courteneaux, Edward Sylestine, Rosaline Langley Medford, Levi Fields, Sanville Johnson, Anderson Lewis, Clyde Jackson, Tom Dion, Annie Dion, Marie Dion/Dean, Rose Dean, Lillie Lewis, Jessie Lewis, Alvin and Freda Revere, Bill Crew, Lawrence Billiot, Alvin Cearley, Ken York, Barry Jim, and more. Native groups and languages mentioned include Houma, Natchez, Cherokee, Creek, Koasati, Choctaw, Chitimacha, Tunica, Biloxi, Yuchi, Chickasaw, Shawnee, etc. In other series, there is a file of largely positive reviews of The Mobilian Trade Language in Series II. Subject Files, and one box of card-sized paper slips, Mobilian-English and English-Mobilian, with penciled notes, in Series V. Card Files. Related materials include the folders titled “Columbus Museum” and “Reconnaissance of Southeastern Indian Languages—Notebook,” both of which also document Crawford's search for Mobilian, in Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks—Other; and grant application materials that describe and give background for the project and give a narrative of his 1976 research trip (which greatly clarifies the notebook of the same trip) in “American Council of Learned Societies” in Series II. Subject Files. Finally, in Series I. Correspondence, there is a letter from Crawford to Miles Richardson submitting the manuscript for consideration for the James Mooney Award, which it went on to win (1976) and a marketing letter to the General L. Kemper Williams Prize committee from the University of Tennessee Press.
Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)