Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

Description: Materials from a wide range of indigenous cultures around the world are scattered throughout Series V of the A. Irving Hallowell Papers. Hallowell was interested in comparative ethnology on a number of topics including Bear Ceremonialism, textiles, artistic representations of Native people, basketry, kinship, pre-history, the development of language, family and marriage, nets and netting, etc. Much of this material constitutes Hallowell's reading notes on secondary sources and his research for very broad-based studies of humanity. Geographic regions represented in Series V include Australia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Polar regions California, Northwest coast, Southwest, and Southeast. The correspondence, in Series I, includes a very interesting, brief description of Franz Boas' first visit to the Kwakwaka'wakw community of Fort Rupert by the daughter of George Hunt in a folder labled Ronald Rohmer. There is also a letter from Edward Sapir detailing Nuu-chah-nulth bear hunting and face painting as well as sketches of netting needles.

Collection:Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.26)

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General linguistics materials, James M. Crawford Papers

Culture:

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Timucua

Tunica

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli

Shawnee

Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa

Natchez

Koasati includes: Coushatta

Lumbee

Houma

Chitimacha

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Chickasaw

Cocopah includes: Cocopa, Cucapáh, Cucapá, Kwapa, Kwii Capáy

Creek

Catawba includes: Iswa

Cherokee

Atakapa includes: Atacapa

Biloxi includes: Tanêks, Tanêksa

Language:English | Mobilian | Yuchi

Date:circa 1962-1983

Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989 | Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Sturtevant, William C.

Type:Text | Three-dimensional object

Extent:29 folders

Description: This entry is intended to encompass materials relating to James M. Crawford's interest in and study of Native North American languages. These items tend to be too general, too diffuse, or too vague in nature to easily fit under clear cultural or linguistic umbrellas. In Series III-D. Works by Crawford--Other, these items include "A Brief Account of the Indian Tribes of Northeast Georgia" (1962), a paper Crawford submitted in his Linguistics 170 class at Berkeley; Crawford's largely negative review of "Native Americans and Their Languages" by Roger Owen (1978); a typed copy of Crawford's "A Phonological Comparison of the Speech of Two Communities in California: East Bay and El Centro" (1964); typed drafts (with handwritten sections and penciled edits) of Crawford's "The Phonological Sequence ya in Words Pertaining to the Mouth in Southeastern and Other Indian Languages," which appeared in the volume “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages,” which he edited (1975); and three folders pertaining to Crawford's other work on the edited volume “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages,” including drafts, edits, notes, etc., of the preface and introduction Crawford wrote for the volume as well as exhaustive notes on bibliographic sources for several indigenous languages, including Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Natchez, Apalachee, Houma, Creek (Mukogean), Hitchiti, Seminole, Mobilian Jargon, Mikasuki, Alabama, Quapaw, Atakapa, Chitimacha, Timucua, Yuchi, Tuscarora, etc. (1970s). In Series IV-D. Research Notes & Notebooks—Other, items include a folder titled “Columbus Museum,” dated to July 1969, with research notes pertaining to Yuchi, Choctaw, Alabama-Koasati, Cherokee, etc., including the names and addresses of many potential language consultants for Yuchi, Shawnee, Catawba, Cherokee, etc., including some of the same people he visits in 1976 as described in “Mobilian Search—Notebook”; a folder labeled “Dialect Study (El Centro, East Bay),” with mostly handwritten notes and drafts pertaining to his "A Phonological Comparison of the Speech of Two Communities in California: East Bay and El Centro" (1964); “Haas Miscellany,” containing an Algonquian language chart attributed to Haas and two scraps of paper pertaining to her; “Miscellany,” containing notes on Maricopa, Digueno, Cocopa, Koasati, etc., as well as a plant specimen identified as Euphorbia chamaesyce; “Numerals from Indian Languages,” containing undated notes on numerals in Natchez, Muskogean, Hokan, Pomoan, Yukian, Wintun, Salinan, Esselen, Chumash, etc.; “Reconnaissance of Southeastern Indian Languages—Notebook,” a 1969 field notebook of a research trip mentioning numerous language consultants (Mrs. Rufus George, Yuchi and Cherokee, and Claude Medford, Creek?, prominent among them) and possible consultants, Choctaw, Seminole, Mikasuki, Cherokee, Lumbee, Creek, Chitimacha, Chickasaw, Shawnee, Yuchi, Tunica, Biloxi, Natchez, etc. people and languages, and commentary about relations between various groups, especially with Oklahoma groups [This item appears to be related to Crawford's research into the see also Mobilian materials]; “Mrs. Terrell—Notebook,” which contains a notebook of unidentified indigenous words elicited from consultants Mrs. Terrell and Mrs. Fletcher in April-May 1969; and “Unidentified,” containing sheets with a text in an unidentified indigenous language and its English translation. In Series VI. Course Material, there is a folder of materials relating to Crawford's coursework at Berkley, including “American Indian Languages--Linguistics 170 [1962]” as well as some Native North American material in an undated folder labeled “Seminars: 290a Theory; 290g American Indian Languages; Dialectology 216; 225; 130 Phonology—Notebook.” In Series II. Subject Files, there are materials relating to Crawford's research into to Mobilian, Cocopah, and Yuchi in “American Council of Learned Societies”; materials relating to his work in bilingual education under Title VII, particularly with the Yuchi in Oklahoma, in “Bilingual Education”; news clippings related to the work of Crawford and others in “Clippings”; records of payments to indigenous language consultants in “Informants' Receipts”; materials relating to Crawford's work with the Southeastern Indian Language Project via application materials in “National Science Foundation #1” and “National Science Foundation #2”; one folder of readers' reviews (pre-publication) and another folder of post-publication reviews of “Studies in Southeastern Indian Languages”; and a grant proposal to do field work to study Yuchi in Sapulpa, Oklahoma in “University of Georgia—Grant Proposal,” in which Crawford outlines not only his proposed study but some historical information about Yuchi people and language. Finally, Series I. Correspondence contains many exchanges about Crawford's work on Native North American languages. Most of this correspondence revolves around Crawford's submission of papers and articles to academic conferences and publishers. The most interesting items include a letter from Ilona May (Thomas) Keyaite, the daughter of a Cocopah consultant; letters and notes about 1735 drawings of Yuchi and Creek Indians in Georgia in a folder labelled “Sturtevant, William C.” [1977-1978]. This series also includes various letters and notes from the University of Georgia recognizing Crawford's professional accomplishments and awards, and a few letters documenting the difficult publication history of the volume on Southeastern Indian Languages.

Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)

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General Linguistics materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi

Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu

Hawaiian includes: Kānaka Maoli, Hawaiʻi Maoli

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Cheyenne

Arapaho includes: Arapahoe

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English

Date:circa 1942-1968

Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Folklore | Orthography and spelling

Type:Still Image | Text

Description: There are many items relating to Indigenous American languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials that cover Indigenous American languages in general and might not show up in narrower searches. Researchers should also view the entries for specific languages and regions. For this more general category, there is relevant material in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there are 7 folders relating to Voegelin's intended publication "American Indian Language" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries III-B: Works Authored by Voegelin [see also the associated material in Oversized]. Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-C: Other contains one file on inscribed stones and the Dene syllabary system and another on the Summer Linguistic Institute (in which many Native North American languages are mentioned). There are also two images of a stone inscribed with what were supposed to be Potawatomi petroglyphs in Series VII. Photographs. Also in Series VII are several language maps (i.e., "Indian language groups in the state of Illinois" and "American Indian Languages"), in which Algonquian languages are particularly well-represented. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence with Wallace Chafe (regarding a census of speakers of indigenous languages), Kenneth Croft (regarding the state of American language work in Mexico, the use of mechanical recording equipment, Cheyenne materials, etc.), Samuel H. Elbert (regarding place names in Hawaii, comparison with Oceania and North America), Dell Hymes (regarding Anthropological Lingustics), Vernon E. Jake (regarding proposed language speaker census, particularly how to discern whether children really know the language), Luis S. Kemnitzer (a thank-you note in which Voegelin revealingly acknowledges, "Although I once worked with the Dakota language, I know little of its culture."), Jerome Kirk (a thank you known in which Voegelin asserts, "I've never found any speaker among the twenty American Indian languages I've worked with who got them [directional terms] straight."), and Morris Swadesh (many languages). Also in Subcollection II, there is a file of notes on classification of North American languages in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries XI. General; some "Ungrouped Tales," two folders with stories about Pechiha (Kickapoo?) and Yellow Horse (Arapaho?) attributed to Joe Pierce and Bruno Nettl, respectively, and a folder on sources in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries II. American Indian Tales for Children; and drafts, linguistic notes and maps in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries V. American Indian Languages.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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General linguistics materials, Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers

Culture:

Shawnee

Ponca

Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw

Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu

Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk

Cheyenne

Language:English

Date:1885; 1936-1981

Type:Text | Cartographic

Description: The General Linguistics material in the Lounsbury collection can be found in Series II. It includes a broad array works ranging from archeoastronomy to maps to lectures presented by Lounsbury on the history of linguistics. Many of the items are secondary sources.

Collection:Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.95)

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General Native American materials, Eugenics Record Office Records

Culture:

Wichita

Zuni includes: A:shiwi

Tohono O'odham includes: Papago

Santa Clara includes: Kha'po Owingeh

Shawnee

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Pojoaque includes: P'osuwaege Owingeh

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu

Cheyenne

Chickasaw

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Apache includes: Inde

Arapaho includes: Arapahoe

Language:English

Date:1870-1934

Contributor:Estabrook, Arthur H. (Arthur Howard), 1885- | Koenig, Margaret W. Rhode, 1875- | McDougle, Ivan E. (Ivan Eugene)

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:5 folders

Description: The Eugenics Record Office Records consist of 330.5 linear feet of materials relating to the ERO, founded in 1910 for the study of human heredity and as a repository for genetic data on human traits. The Eugenics Record Office Papers (1670-1964) contain trait schedules, newspaper clippings, manuscript essays, pedigree charts, article abstracts, reprints, magazine articles, bibliographies, photographs, hair samples, postcard pictures, card files, and some correspondence which document the projects of the Eugenics Record Office during the thirty-four years of its operation. Of particular interest might be Folder "A:9770-1-118 Indians from Oklahoma (Work Sent in by Mr. Paul Roofe)" (1926), containing 118 pages of Individual Analysis Cards containing personal and family information about students at the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas. There is also "Folder A:9770 #1. Indian Photographs, Bureau of American Ethnography" (1870-1912), containing 23 photographs of Native individuals, all men, most with both front and profile shots, and identifying information on the back. Cultures represented include Kiowa, Brule (Dakota), Apache, Delaware, Papago (Tohono O'odham), Arapaho, Wichita, Zuni, Santa Clara (Pueblo), Shawnee, Pojoaque (Pueblo), Cheyenne, and Bannock. Folder "A:9770 #3. American Indians" (1920-1934) contains material about Bolivia Indians, Chippewas (Ojibwe) in Michigan, and from Dr. Margaret W. Koenig of the Nebraska Medical Women's League regarding the family history of Permela Palmer (Chicksaw), who married a Choctaw and then a white man, and who was of particular note because of her supernumerary mammary glands and the similarly abnormal breast development of some of her daughters. Folder "A:974 x 7. Caucasian x Indian" (1920-1925) contains trait charts of mixed families, including charts of a French-Cree and Choctaw family and a French-Cree and Scotch-Cree family sent by Mrs. L. M. William of Battleford, Sask.; a three-page typed essay, "For a Universial Marriage Law," advocating the prohibition of mixed marriages, also attributed to Mrs. William; and a magazine article, intended to be humorous, titled "Indian Wives and White Husbands" by Josiah M. Ward. Folder "A:976 x 70. American Indian - Negro" (1919-1928) contains charts, anecdotal data, notes, etc. regarding the traits of mixed children of Native and African American parents, several examples of which are stamped State Normal School, Montclair, NJ; a letter from the state registrar of Virginia to the Census Bureau concerning the efforts of people trying to gain recogition as Chickahominy, Rappahannock, and other groups despite having been previously been designated as "mullatoes," fear about such people having "broken into the census as Indians," and from there "have gotten across into the white race," and hopes to clarify matters for the 1930 Censuses; and materials (interviews, family trees, forms, notes) from a study directed by A. H. Estabrook and I. E. McDougle of the Sociology Department of Sweet Briar College--with fieldwork (such as interviews) performed by Sweet Briar students--titled "The Isshys, An Indian-Negro-White Family Group Near Amherest, Virginia."

Collection:Eugenics Record Office Records (Mss.Ms.Coll.77)

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Guarani materials, Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers

Culture:

Quechua

Maya

Guarani

Aymara includes: Aimara

Date:1936-1950

Type:Text | Sound recording

Genre:Bibliographies | Notebooks | Vocabularies | Songs | Stories

Description: The Guarani materials in the Lounsbury Papers can be found in multiple sections of the collection. In Series I, there is correspondence from Rahder, Rubin, and Tulchin. In Series II, in the "Other Languages and Cultures of the Americas" section, there are Lounsbury's notes, "Têtagüá Sapucài (Grito del Pueblo)," which accompany sound recordings. In the "South America" section of Series II, see Fieldnotes #5, under "Brazil," and "Terena and Guarani Wire Recordings Tables of Contents." In Series VII, there are two sets of digitized recordings, "Paraguayan Popular Music" and "Terena-Guarani." Of special interest among the audio is the "Story of the Guarani creator, Tupi, and the creation of the Guarani people" told by Pedro Coelho de Suza.

Collection:Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.95)

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Guna materials, Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers

Culture:

Guna includes: Kuna, Cuna, Dule

Language:English | Kuna, San Blas | Spanish

Date:1959, 1960-1962

Contributor:Colman, Seferino | González, Arturo | Lounsbury, Floyd Glenn | Torres de Iannello, Reina | Tipipi, Guayni

Type:Sound recording | Text

Genre:Stories | Songs | Music | Vocabularies

Extent:2 folders; 37 minutes

Description: The main Guna materials in the Floyd Lounsbury Papers (spelled Kuna or Cuna in the finding aid) are audio recordings made by Reina Torres de Iannello, in Series VII, from a reel titled "Panama". Correspondence with Clifford Evans in Series I may provide more context. Correspondence with John Gillespie in the same series compares Kuna to several other languages.

Collection:Floyd G. Lounsbury Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.95)

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Gwich'in materials, Paul Radin papers

Culture:

Gwich'in includes: Kutchin, Loucheux, Tukudh

Language:English | Gwich'in

Date:Circa 1900

Contributor:Unknown

Subject:Alaska--History | Ethnography | Linguistics

Type:Text

Genre:Notes | Vocabularies

Extent:24 pages

Description: "Tukudh Notes." Found in Radin papers, but not Radin's work, according to note of Mrs. Doris Radin. Includes 8 pages of vocabulary of 300 entries; ethnographic notes, apparently from published materials circa 1900. Possibly by a Church of England missionary such as Reverend Robert McDonald.

Collection:Paul Radin papers (Mss.497.3.R114)

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Haida carvers in argillite

Culture:

Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian

Nisga'a includes: Nass, Nisgha, Nishga, Nishka, Niska, Nisqa'a

Haida includes: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat

Language:English

Date:1952-1953

Contributor:Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Beynon, William, 1888-1958

Subject:British Columbia--History | Carving | Ethnography | Medicine | Material culture

Type:Text

Genre:Essays | Stories

Extent:1 volume

Description: A work intended as a sequel to Barbeau (1953) Haida myths. In addition to discussing Skidegate and Masset carvers and their work, the author presents material on carvers as medicine men, material on shamanism and witchcraft, classification of the subjects of statuettes (chiefs and illustration of myths). An appendix includes myths recorded by William Beynon among the Skidegate, Tsimshian, and Nisga'a, from 1952-1954.

Collection:Haida carvers in argillite (Mss.970.6.B23h)

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Haida material, Field notebooks and anthropometric data

Culture:

Haida includes: X̱aayda, X̱aadas, X̱aad, X̱aat

Language:English | German | Haida

Date:1888

Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942

Subject:British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Linguistics

Type:Text

Genre:Diaries | Notebooks | Shorthand | Vocabularies

Extent:2 notebooks

Description: The Haida materials in the Boas Field Notebooks and Anthropometric Data collection consist of varied linguistic or ethnographic notes, some possibly in German shorthand, located within Field notes 1888 #1 and Field notes 1888 #2.

Collection:Franz Boas early field notebooks and anthropometric data (Mss.B.B61.5)