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Culture:
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:circa 1730-1990, bulk 1947-1956
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Becker, Marshall Joseph | Witthoft, John | Hunter, William A. (William Albert), 1908- | Weslager, C. A. (Clinton Alfred), 1909-1994
Subject:Religion | Social life and customs | Rites and ceremonies | Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Anthropology | Pennsylvania--History | Ethnography | Personality | Psychology | Government relations | Politics and government | Ohio--History
Type:Text
Genre:Notes | Essays | Drafts | Essays | Correspondence | Legal documents
Extent:44 folders, 1 box
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 44 folders and one box of materials directly pertaining to the Delaware (also known as Lenape and Munsee) have been identified. Most of these items pertain to Wallace's personal research interest in the Delaware--beginning during his graduate studies, which led to the publication of "King of the Delawares: Teedyuscung, Delaware chief, 1700-1763" (1949), a psychoanalytic ethnohistory based on his masters thesis--and to his work as an expert witness for Native American land claims in the 1950s. There is one box containing research notecards on primary and secondary sources in Series III. Notecards. There are eight folders of notes, drafts, and other materials on Teedyscung, religion and revitalization, women, land, political organization, and other topics in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional. There are two folders on "The Forbidden Path: Teedyuscung's Embassy to the Western Indians in 1760" by William A. Hunter and John Witthoft in Series V. Works by Others. Series IX. Indian Claims contains dockets, articles, notes, tribal histories, reports, etc., relating to Wallace's work as an expert witness for Delaware land claims (and the related land claims of other groups, such as the "Ohio Tribes" and the Haudenosaunee). There are also two folders of materials on the Lenape by Wallace's student Marshall Joseph Becker in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts B. Revitalization and Culture, as well as a folder of correspondence with Becker in Series I. Correspondence. Other relevant correspondence files include those of the American National Biography, Carl Bridenbaugh, Dwight Lewis Chamberlain, Loren C. Eiseley, the Eleutherian Mills--Hagley Foundation, Herbert Goltz, Jennifer King Hodges, William A. Hunter, Ruthe Blalock Jones, Mrs. Samuel P. Kelly, Harry B. Kelsey, Jean Laub, Franklin O. Loveland, Joan Lowe, Arthur Meyes, Russell Moses, Elizabeth Pilant, Claude E. Schaefer, Frank Speck, John Tabor, University of Pennsylvania Press, C. A. Weslager, and David Wyubeek. Finally, there is a folder of material on the history of the Munsee Recitation Festival (from originals in the Buffalo Historical Society and attributed to a Delaware resident of the Six Nations reserve in Canada, Albert Shequaqknind Anthony) in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts A. Indian Research. Note that there is also considerable Delaware material filed under "Ohio Tribes," particularly in land claims cases, and researchers should view the Ohio entry as well. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1936-1959
Contributor:Wallace, Paul A. W. | Montour, Chief Joseph | Wainwright, Nicholas B. | Alderfer, E. Gordon (Everett Gordon), 1915-1996 | Ewers, John C. (John Canfield), 1909-1997 | Witthoft, John
Subject:Biography | Politics and government | Government relations | Diplomacy | Gender | Pennsylvania--History | Pennsylvania--History | Politics and government | Material culture | Portraits | History | Moravians
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Drafts | Essays | Reports
Extent:9 items
Description: Materials relating to Paul A. W. Wallace's research and writing on topics in Delaware history and culture. Items include drafts, with corrections, of a 1952 paper on the "Delawares-as-Women Problem" read at the Iroquois Conference, Red House; Wallace's undated report on a visit with Chief Joseph Montour (Delaware) at the Six Nations Reserve, Ontario; three copies of a document titled "We are the Six Nations" regarding relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee; a draft of Wallace's article "Last King of the Delawares " on Chief Joseph Montour, which discusses relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee as well as events in Montour's life; Wallace's correspondence with Montour; Wallace's correspondence with Nicholas B. Wainwright regarding the Delawares-as-women problem; Wallace's correspondence with E. Gordon Alderfer regarding a proposed literary history of Pennsylvania and the desirability of including Indian oral literature, and the validity of Walam Olum; Wallace's correspondence with John C. Ewers regarding the true national identity of the Indian in "Portrait of a Delaware Indian" by Charles B. J. Fevret de St. Memin; and three pages by John Witthoft on the age and origin of Polly Heckewelder's "Indian doll."
Collection:Paul A. W. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64b)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1935-1956
Contributor:Wallace, Paul A. W. | Wheeler, George | Montgomery, Charles B. | Gapp, S. H.
Subject:Indian traders | Moravians | Pennsylvania--History | Politics and government | Government relations
Type:Text
Genre:Drafts | Correspondence | Notes
Extent:5 items
Description: Materials relating to Paul A. W. Wallace's research and writing on the histories and cultures of the Native peoples of Eastern North America. Items include correspondence, notes, etc., concerning Conrad Weiser as part of research for publications and speeches; correspondence, notes, etc., on John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckwelder as part of research for publications and speeches; Wallace's correspondence with George Wheeler regarding Wallace's research on Indian trails, Conrad Weiser, etc.; Wallace's correspondence with Charles Berwind Montgomery regarding Conrad Weiser, Haudenosaunee, Delawares, Pennsylvania history, personal matters, etc.; and Wallace's correspondence with S. H. Gapp regarding Wallace's research on John Heckewelder, William N. Fenton and his work on the political history of the Haudenosaunee, etc.
Collection:Paul A. W. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64b)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:circa 1668-1990, bulk circa 1936-1974
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Wallace, Paul A. W. | Deardorff, Merle H., 1890-1971 | Smith, Mina Brayley | Akweks, Aren | Ka-Hon-Hes | Gansworth, Nellie | Cornplanter, Jesse J.
Subject:Religion | Social life and customs | Rites and ceremonies | Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Anthropology | Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | Ethnography | Personality | Psychology | Mythology | Clothing and dress | Government relations
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Drafts | Essays | Notes | Correspondence | Field notes | Photographs | Legal documents | Memoranda | Maps
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history, among other interests. Haudenosaunee materials include items relating to Wallace's particular interests in the Tuscarora and the Seneca, and can be difficult to disentangle from items organized by subject, such as personality, religion, and cultural revitalization. Researchers should therefore also see the Wallace Papers entries for the Tuscarora and Seneca, and consult the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's career and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.
Materials explicitly linked to the Haudenosaunee can be found throughout Series I. Correspondence, especially in the correspondence with William N. Fenton, Merle H. Deardorff, Francis Jennings, Mina Brayley Smith, and Wallace's father, historian Paul A. W. Wallace. Other relevant correspondence files include those for Aren Akweks (Ray Fadden), the American Philosophical Society, Michael Ames, Edmund Snow Carpenter, Dwight Lewis, Chamberlain, Malcolm Collier, Charles Congdon, Jesse Cornplanter, Robert T. Coulter, Myrtle Crouse, Norma Cuthbert, Hazel Dean-John, Vine Deloria, Michael K. Foster, John F. Freeman, Joseph Chamberlain Furnas, Bob Gabor, Charles Garrad, C. Marshall Gorman, Randy Gorske, Barbara Graymont, Jeannette Henry, N. Perry Jemison, Francis Jennings, Randy Alan John, Gertrude Kurath, Weston La Barre, David Landry, Gardiner Lindzey, Floyd G. Lounsbury, Franklin O. Loveland, Charles Lucy, Nancy Lurie, Benjamin Malzberg, Henry Manley, Jane Ann McGettrick, Ernest Miller, Stephen Murray, Oscar Nephew, New York State Library, Niagara County Historical Society, Arthur Caswell Parker, Arthur Piepkorn, Richard Pilant, Susan Postal, V. R. Potmis, Frederic Pryor, Martha Randle, Paul G. Reilly, Egon Renner, Alex and Catherine H. Ricciardelli, Cara Richards, Sally M. Rogow, Anne Marie Shimony, John Sikes, Florence Smith, Mrs. Douglas Snook, Patricia Snyder-Freeman, Frank Speck, George Dearborn Spindler, William Sturtevant, Elizabeth Tooker, Eula Tottingham, Allen W. Trelease, University of Pennsylvania Press, Shirley Vanatta, A. Jeanne Weissinger, C. A. Weslager, and Susan Williams.
There is also a great deal on Haudenosaunee peoples in Series II. Research Notes and Drafts, particularly relating to Wallace's monographs on the Tuscarora and Seneca. Subseries A. Indian Research primarily contains Haudenosaunee-related materials, including notes and field notes from research trips to Iroquoia and to archives, copies of and extracts from primary and secondary sources, notes on what Wallace called his "Iroquois Research Project," field notes and materials compiled by Paul A. W. Wallace, etc. There is also some Haudenosaunee material in Subseries B. Revitalization and Culture, mostly in form of secondary sources, including "History of the St. Regis Reservation and several Iroquois pamphlets and drawings" by Mohawk Aren Akweks (aka).
Series III. Notecards contains index cards with notes on primary and secondary sources on a range of topics, including Wallace's research interests in revitalization, culture and personality, and his work on Indian land claims, all of which touch on the Haudenosaunee. Several drafts of Wallace's work on the Haudenosaunee and other indigenous peoples can be found in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional, along with fictional works in B. Creative Writing and C. Juvenilia of the same series. Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work A. American Anthropological Association contains two folders labeled "Iroquois Wampum," which contain materials relating to Onondaga demands for the return of wampum belts held by the New York State Museum. Wallace publicly supported the Haudenosaunee, in direct opposition to many scholars, including his friend William Fenton, who argued that the NYSM had saved and maintained the belts and should continue in that role. Correspondence, drafts of Wallace's statement, and other items reveal many factors at play: Vine Deloria, Jr.'s involvement; Haudenosaunee youth involved in the red power movement; inter-tribal divisions about the fate of the belts; scholarly disagreement about how best to serve both Native and non-Native members of the public; ideas about the roles of museums in preserving and protecting cultural materials; anxieties about the implications of Wallace's stance for ethnological museum collections in general; the legal dimensions of deaccessioning bequests; and more. [See Wallace's correspondence with Fenton and others in Series I. Correspondence for more on this issue.] Subseries C. Other Committees of the same series includes files on the Iroquois Conference 1946-1961. Series IX. Indian Claims contains over 50 folders of research materials, dockets, trial memoranda, etc., relating to Wallace's work as an expert witness for Haudenosaunee land claims. Series XI. Maps also contains materials pertaining to Haudenosaunee land claims, as well as to Wallace's personal research. Finally, Series XII. Graphics includes watercolor paintings by Ray Fadden's (Mohawk, aka Aren Akweks) son John (Mohawk, aka Ka-Hon-Hes), original drawings by Seneca Jesse Cornplanter and Tuscarora Nellie Gansworth, and photographs associated with Paul A.W. Wallace's fieldwork among the Indians of Pennsylvania, New York State, and Ontario as well as Anthony F.C. Wallace's research (1947-1985) on American Indians including several photographs of Tuscaroras, Senecas, a cradleboard, and pictographs. Additional material may be found in other places in the collections.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Language:English
Date:1920-1965
Contributor:Wallace, Paul A. W. | Lingelbach, William E. (William Ezra), 1871-1962 | Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969
Subject:Medicine | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Drafts | Essays | Lectures | Notes
Extent:4 items
Description: Materials on miscellaneous or general topics relating to Paul A. W. Wallace's interest in Native North American histories and cultures. Items include Wallace's correspondence with Francisco Guerra and R. Jerrel Williams regarding references pertaining to Indian medicine; notes on and different versions of a talk titled "Debt We Owe the Indian" given by Wallace at Farmers' Forum, York, Pennsylvania, the Madison Historical Society, New Jersey, etc.; Wallace's correspondence with William Ezra Lingelbach regarding Wallace's research on John Heckewelder, the Muhlenberg family, Indians of Pennsylvania, the Haudenosaunee, collections in the Library of the American Philosophical Society, Cree, Blackfoot, etc.; and Wallace's correspondence with Charles Marius Barbeau concerning a wide range of topics such as French-Canadian folklore, Edward Ahenakew's Manebogo manuscript, Conrad Weiser and the Delawares, the American Philosophical Society, Barbeau's Huron-Wyandot work, filming of the Contrecoeur papers and Huron grammars at Seminaire de Quebec, and Richard Pilant and the founding of an international Institute of Iroquoian Studies.
Collection:Paul A. W. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64b)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:1950-1966
Contributor:Wallace, Paul A. W.
Subject:Pennsylvania--History | Warfare | Anthropometry
Type:Text
Extent:4 items
Description: Materials relating to Paul A. W. Wallace's interests in Pennsylvanian and Native American history. Items include drafts, etc., of "Indian Trails and Pennsylvania Travelers," an article for the Northumberland County Historical Society Proceedings; materials on "Indian Highways of Pennsylvania," descriptions of some Native American paths (primarily in Pennsylvania), purposes for which they were used, and their later use by Euro-Americans; two copies and a synopsis of "Sakayenkwarahton and General Sullivan Travel the Great Warriors Path," regarding the military use of Native trails by whites, particularly with respect to the Battle of Wyoming, along with research notes; and materials on the average height of Native peoples of Pennsylvania, including correspondence between Wallace and J. E. Anderson, W. Laughlin, William A. Ritchie, T. Dale Stewart, and Charles Wray.
Collection:Paul A. W. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64b)
Pennsylvania Indians materials, United States. Work Projects Administration (Pa.) Reports, 1918-1948
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1886-1948
Contributor:Carpenter, Edmund, 1922-2011 | Fisher, G. S. | Cresson, Francis C. | Gilmore, Raymond M. (Raymond Maurice), 1907-1983 | Jones, Robert W. | Schoff, Harry L. | Stewart, T. D. (Thomas Dale), 1901-1997 | Witthoft, John | Augustine, Edgar E. | Butler, Mary, 1903-1970 | Cadzow, Donald A. | Smith, Charles M.
Subject:Antiquities | Archaeology | Mounds | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Field notes | Photographs | Maps | Correspondence | Drafts | Drawings | Newspaper clippings | Reports | Surveys
Extent:25 items
Description: Materials relating to archaeological sites in Pennsylvania, many excavated through the Works Progress Administration. Includes site reports, site notes, photographs, photograph albums, maps, geological surveys, drawings, blueprints, news clippings, article and manuscript drafts, and other materials pertaining to sites throughout Pennsylvania. Sites mentioned include the 28th Street site and Wesleyville site (Erie County), the Guyasutha Mound (Allegheny County), Sugar Run sites, Phillips, Fort Hill, and Martin sites, Book Mound (Tuscarora Creek, Juniata County), Clemson's Mound (Susquehanna River, Dauphin County), Brock Village site (Muncy Creek Township), Nelson Mound, Williams Mound, the Sick site (South Towanda, Bradford County), Spartansburg Mound, McKees Rock Mound, and Crall Mound (Washington County). Drafted or completed manuscripts include Fisher's "Southwest Pennsylvania Materials," Cresson's "Archaeological survey of Somerset County, Pennsylvania," Gilmore's "Identification of faunal remains from southwestern Pennsylvania archaeological sites...and report...of animal remains," Schoff's "McFate site report on archaeological excavations," Stewart's "Skeletal remains from Fayette and Somerset counties, Pennsylvania," and Cadzow's "Archaeological explorations in western Pennsylvania," and Augustine and Butler's "Miscellaneous reports on Johnson, Miller, Jacobs, Hooks Run, Logan, Jimerson sites," a survey of northwestern Pennsylvania sites on Seneca-owned property in Warren County. Among the archaeological cultures and aspects mentioned are Adena, Hopewell (or Hopewellian), Woodlands culture, Monongahela aspect, Owasco, Point Peninsula aspect, and Algonquian.
Collection:United States. Work Projects Administration (Pa.) Reports, 1918-1948 (Mss.913.748.Un3)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1798-1977, bulk 1941-1977
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Deardorff, Merle H., 1890-1971 | Cornplanter, Jesse J.
Subject:Religion | Social life and customs | Rites and ceremonies | Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Anthropology | Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | Ethnography | Government relations
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Drafts | Essays | Notes | Correspondence | Field notes | Photographs | Legal documents | Memoranda | Maps
Extent:52 folders
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 52 folders of items directly pertaining to the Seneca have been identified. Seneca materials can be difficult to disentangle from the plethora of items relating to the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) and to Wallace's work on indigenous religions and cultural revitalization more generally. Researchers should therefore also see the Wallace Papers entries for the Haudenosaunee and Tuscarora and consult the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's career and for an itemized list of the collection's contents. Of the materials explicitly linked to the Seneca, many relate to Wallace's ongoing study of Seneca history and culture. This interest was the basis of several publications, most notably the landmark book "Death and Rebirth of the Seneca" (1970) as well as many articles on Handsome Lake, religion, and cultural revitalization. Such items can be found in Series I. Correspondence, Series II. Research Notes and Drafts, Series XI. Maps, and Series XII. Graphics. Of particular note is Wallace's lengthy correspondence (located in both Series I and II) with historian Merle H. Deardorff regarding Seneca history and culture. There is also some correspondence with Jesse Cornplanter. Other relevant correspondence files include those of the American Philosophical Society, Dwight Lewis Chamberlain, Norma Cuthbert, Vine Deloria, Bob Gabor, Charles Garrad, Randy Gorske, Barbara Graymont, N. Perry Jemison, Randy Alan John, Gertrude Kurath, Weston La Barre, Franklin O. Loveland, Charles Lucy, Nancy Lurie, Ernest Miller, Oscar Nephew, the New York State Library, Arthur Caswell Parker, Arthur Piepkorn, V. R. Potmis, Egon Renner, Mrs. Douglas Snook, Frank Speck, William Sturtevant, Shirley Vanatta, Paul A. W. Wallace, and Susan Williams. Other materials from Wallace's personal scholarship and interests include 3 folders of field notes from Cold Spring in 1951-1952; one folder of items relating to the Kinzua Dam controversy; five folders on the Oh-he-yoh-noh Newsletter of the Allegany Indian Reservation; several copies of and extracts from primary and secondary sources; copies of relevant articles and other and drafts of "Death and Rebirth of the Seneca" and other works. There are also original drawings by Jesse Cornplanter, copies of portraits of Seneca chiefs Cornplanter and Red Jacket, images of "The Chief Red Jacket" and "Squaw of Seneca and Papoose" from the New York Historical Society and a photo of Sarah Pierce of the Allegany Reserve (from Frank Speck) in Series XII. Graphics. Other materials relate to Wallace's work as a researcher and expert witness on behalf of Native American land claims, and include dockets, trial memoranda, and maps relating to "Seneca Nation of Indians and Tonawanda Band of Seneca Indians vs. the United States." These can be found in Series IX. Indian Claims.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1810-1814
Contributor:Jackson, Halliday, 1771-1835
Subject:Missions | Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | Religion | Government relations | Pennsylvania--History | Social life and customs | Diplomacy
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Drafts | Journals
Extent:2 items
Description: Materials compiled by Pennsylvania Quaker missionary Halliday Jackson. First item is titled "Civilization of the Indian tribes from the times of Penn to 1809" and consists of two drafts of a chronologically ordered account of relations between Pennsylvania Quakers and their Native neighbors, with special emphasis on the Seneca. An account of Native manners and customs is included in the first draft; a Seneca vocabulary is appended to the second draft. [See also Jackson (1830a); Snyderman (1957): 568.] The second item is a journal dated to 1814 containing "Some account of a visit paid to the Friends residing at Tunessassa and Cattaraugus and to the Indians residing at those places" and describing meetings with Indians, observations on social change resulting from missionary activities and white contact, and other references to the Native peoples of western New York [Haudenosaunee]. Originals in possession of Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
Collection:Halliday Jackson journal, 1814 (Mss.Film.631b)