Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

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Iñupiat materials, ACLS collection

Culture:

Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq

Language:Chukchi | English | Inupiatun, North Alaskan | Yupik, Central Siberian

Date:1899; 1905; 1935

Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Francis, Alfred G.

Subject:Ethnography | Kinship | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Alaska--History

Type:Still Image | Text

Genre:Drawings | Vocabularies

Extent:50 pages; 18 drawings

Description: The Iñupiat materials in the ACLS collection consist of three items in the "Eskimo" section of the finding aid. Boas' "Comparative word list of Alaskan Eskimo [Iñupiat], Siberian Eskimo [Yupik], and Chukchee" (item E1.1) includes vocabulary from Utqiagvik ("Point Barrow") and the Seward Peninsula. Alfred Francis' "Kungmit Eskimo vocabulary" (item E1.2) consists of an approximately 300-word list recorded at Kotzebue, including terms for animals, kinship, parts of the body, natural objects, and other terms. Finally, Boas' "Drawings for 'Property Marks of Alaskan Eskimo'" (item E1a.5) includes drawing from which illustrations for Boas' 1899 article on this topic were made.

Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)

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Isleta sketches

Culture:

Isleta includes: Tiwa

Language:English

Date:1936-1941

Contributor:Lente, Joe B. (Joe Bartolo) | Parsons, Elsie Worthington Clews, 1874-1941

Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Art | Social life and customs | New Mexico--History

Type:Still Image

Genre:Watercolors | Drawings

Extent:.25 linear feet; 189 items

Description: These 189 original watercolor and ink drawings of pueblo activities were drawn by Joe Bartolo Lente, of Isleta Pueblo of New Mexico. The drawings were commissioned by Elsie Clews Parsons, a sociologist, anthropologist, and folklorist. In 1962, 140 of the paintings were published in "Isleta Paintings" by the Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. This collection was been designated as culturally sensitive and restricted. These materials were formally deaccessioned and removed from the collections in December 2023.

Collection:Isleta sketches (Mss.572.P25.1.No.25)

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Kalapuya materials, ACLS collection

Culture:

Kalapuya

Language:English | Kalapuya

Date:1915-1930

Contributor:Angulo, Jaime de | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Frachtenberg, Leo Joachim, 1883-1930 | Freeland, L. S. (Lucy Shepard), 1890-1972 | Kenoy, Louis

Type:Text

Genre:Autobiographies | Essays | Grammars | Stories | Vocabularies

Extent:430 pages

Description: The Kalapuya material in the ACLS collection is concentrated primarily in the "Kalapuya" section of the finding aid, which contains several manuscripts relating to Kalapuya language, folklore, and ethnology, primarily recorded by Leo Frachtenberg and Jaime de Angulo. Additional materials can also be found in the "Tualatin" (also known as Atfalati/Wapato Lake) section of the finding aid, which includes autobiographical stories and linguistic analyses.

Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)

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Kwakwaka'wakw materials, ACLS collection

Culture:

Zulu includes: AmaZulu

Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw

Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish

Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl

K'ómoks includes: Comox

Gopinuxw

Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo

Gwa'sala

Heiltsuk includes: Bella Bella, Haíɫzaqv

Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino

Gwawa'enuxw

Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk

Da'naxda'xw

A'wa'etłala

Date:1893-1951

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:Approx. 10,000 loose pages, 10 notebooks, 7000+ cards, 10+ maps

Description: The Kwakwaka'wakw materials in the ACLS collection are located predominantly in the "Kwakiutl" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing of all materials (other relevant sections are "Northwest Coast", "Bella Bella (Heitsuk)", and item AfBnd.4 in "Non-American and non-linguistic material"). Some of the larger individual sets of materials listed within this section also have their own specific tables of contents (available upon request) detailing their often highly diverse contents. Overall, the vast majority of the material is made of of 1) manuscripts sent to Boas by George Hunt from the 1890s to the 1930s, frequently in both Kwak'wala and English, covering a very broad range of Kwakwaka'wakw history, culture, languages, customs, and traditions; and 2) field work materials recorded by Boas and Boas' own analyses of material sent by Hunt, covering a similar range of topics. Additional materials by other individuals focus especially on linguistic and ethnographic matters. Also see the guide entry "Kwakiutl materials, Franz Boas Papers" for information on the correspondence between Boas and Hunt, which gives additional context to the materials in the ACLS collection.

Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)

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Kwakwaka'wakw materials, Franz Boas Papers

Culture:

Wiweqayi

Wiwekam

Tłatłasikwala

Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw

Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish

Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl

K'ómoks includes: Comox

Gopinuxw

Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo

Gwa'sala

Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino

Gwawa'enuxw

Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk

Da'naxda'xw

A'wa'etłala

Language:English | German | Kwak'wala

Date:1885-1942

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence

Extent:1 linear foot

Description: This collection contains the bulk of correspondence between Franz Boas and his professional colleagues, though there are also other Boas collections in the library. The correspondents listed above contain some correspondence related to the culture or language listed in this entry. The largest correspondence is that of George Hunt, which took place from 1894-1933 and runs around 1000 pages. A full index for this correspondence is available upon request, and includes cross references to the locations (in other APS collections) of fieldwork and other materials referred to in the letters. Other correspondences primarily about Kwakwaka'wakw matters are that of the Cadwalladers, Dan Cranmer, John Fillmore (concerning the transcription of Boas' cylinder recordings of Kwakiutl songs), Alfred I. Hall, and C. J. Nowell. In the finding aid listings for some of these correspondents, the individual letters pertaining to this culture or language will be identified by a subject heading, though for some correspondents this indexing has not yet been completed. Some letters may contain only brief mentions of work being conducted in relation to the topic. Some additional correspondences in this collection that have not yet been indexed may also contain additional material.

Collection:Franz Boas Papers (Mss.B.B61)

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Lenape materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Shawnee

Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Munsee

Nanticoke

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Abenaki includes: Abnaki

Language:English | Delaware

Date:1895-1948

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:57 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Lenape (or "Delaware") history, language, and culture. Speck's correspondence with Delaware collaborators in Oklahoma relating to Lenape history, ethnographic data, linguistics, museum specimens, and reservation affairs, etc., might be of particular interest; there are also several tales related by Witapanóxwe, or War Eagle, other tales and texts (some with interlineal translation) from Josiah Montour and other unknown contributors, and 11 sketches of Lenape art designs. Other correspondence touches on Speck's efforts to collect specimens (and individuals and institutions interested in acquiring them), his efforts to collect paintings and sketches of ceremonies and designs, his fieldwork and expenses, financial support from the University of Pennsylvania and Indiana Historical Society, Shawnee data on Oklahoma Delawares, the Big House Ceremony, efforts to acquire a Delaware Big House to erect in Harrisburg, Delawares-as-women, etc. There are also at least 82 pages (in three folders) of Speck's field notes of ethnographic and linguistic data, and over 50 pages (in two folders) of Speck's miscellaneous notes (including some correspondence) on topics such as Gladys Tantaquidgeon and Lenape designs, botanical specimens, linguistic materials, museum specimens, the Walam Olum, the "Six Nation Delaware reservation", the celestial bear theme, native religion, reviews of Speck's publications, etc. Other notes cover Delaware grammar and vocabulary, Delaware clans and social organization, dualism in Delaware religion, the influence of Christianity on Delaware religion, the provenance of Delaware museum specimens obtained from Delawares in Oklahoma and Canada, biographical information on Joseph Montur and Nicodemus Peters, etc. There are also various drafts, essays, lectures and other writings by Speck on topics such as Delaware religion, ceremonies, peyote rites, designs, population, remnant populations in the east, history, place names, a Delaware bibliography and a notebook of reports to the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee on fieldwork among Oklahoma Delaware, St. Francis Abenaki, Munsee and Six Nations (Haudenosaunee) Delaware, Tutelo, Cayuga, 1931-1936.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Lewis Henry Morgan journal and correspondence, 1845-1876

Culture:

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1845-1881

Contributor:Morgan, Lewis Henry, 1818-1881 | Howitt, A. W. (Alfred William), 1830-1908 | Fison, Lorimer, 1832-1907

Type:Text

Extent:2 reels

Description: Materials of ethnologist and anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan. Reel 1: Lorimer Fison and Alfred W. Howitt to Morgan, 1865-1881, 455 pages. Materials pertaining to geology, etc., 194 pages. Materials pertaining to Morgan's secret society, Grand Council of the Iroquois, by Morgan, 156 pages, by others, 105 pages. Rules, Constitutions, etc., 44 pages. Volume 1 of Morgan manuscript journals, 394 pages. Reel 2: Volumes 2-6 of Morgan manuscript journals, 453, 532, 385, 456, and 552 pages. The journal includes notes on travels to New York and Michigan, conversations, and Indian councils. Record of Indian letters [i.e., Record of the inquiry concerning the Indian system of relationship...], volume 1, letters sent, 230 pages; volume 2, letters received, 279 pages. (Includes related correspondence). Printed table of contents (1936). [See also, for descriptive contents, Rochester Historical Society Publication Fund Series 2: 83-97; and White (1959).] Originals in the Rush Rhees Library, University of Rochester.

Collection:Lewis Henry Morgan journal and correspondence, 1845-1876 (Mss.Film.582)

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Mi'kmaq materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet

Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki

Passamaquoddy includes: Peskotomuhkati

Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac

Cherokee

Beothuk

Language:English | Mi'kmaq

Date:1909-1949

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Butler, Eva L. | Mechling, William Hubbs, 1888-1953 | Barlow, Steve

Type:Text

Extent:8 folders

Description: Materials relating to Mi'kmaq history, language, and culture. Includes Speck's field notes on topics such as wampum, hunting territories, Cape Breton texts, Newfoundland traditions, the Passamaquoddy, etc., as well as a map with names of Bear River Band members and one piece of birch bark with pictographs inscribed; Speck's miscellaneous notes and correspondence on topics such as consultants, specimens, hieroglyphics, linguistics, fieldwork, Mi'kmaq and Cherokee, and the Mi'kmaq mission newspaper; a text on Mi'kmaq dance with interlinear translation, notes, and a musical score; 10 pages of linguistic notes and vocabulary collected along the Miramichi River, along with 6 pages of typed copy by John Witthoft; correspondence with Mechling concerning linguistic research on the Mi'kmaq, Malecite [Malecite-Passamaquoddy], and Oaxaca languages, Mi'kmaq burials, and historic materials on Beothuk and Mi'kmaq; a brief article on a traveler's account of the Mi'kmaq in 1822; an incomplete article or set of reading excerpts taken after 1922 by Speck from John G. Millais (1907); and extracts concerning the sweat house taken by Butler from the Jesuit Relations.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Miscellaneous materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet

Yuchi includes: Euchee

Tunica

Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian

Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Mi'kmaq includes: Micmac

Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie

Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho

Maya

Nanticoke

Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl

Klamath

Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer

Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Choctaw includes: Chahta

Catawba includes: Iswa

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Chinook

Chitimacha

Catawba includes: Iswa

Chickahominy

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Cheyenne

Cherokee

Creek

Language:English | German

Date:1904-1950

Type:Text

Extent:46 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's research and other professional activities. Items include Speck's notes taken during graduate work at Columbia University under Franz Boas, and utilized for his own anthropology courses at the University of Pennsylvania; Speck's miscellaneous notes comprising circa 500 bibliographic cards and reading notes sorted out by tribe and/or language, dealing with tribes and countries in which Speck did no field work [other entries of this type are to be found among the various groups of materials in the Speck collection, according to tribe]; correspondence concerning exhibits and specimens for the Chicago World's Fair and for the Exposition of Indian Tribal Arts in New York City; two letters from Boas regarding the work of the Committee on Research in Native American Languages; correspondence regarding topics such as the double-curve motif, family hunting areas, indigenous foods and cooking methods, wampum, silverwork, birch-bark technique, baskets, Speck's research and publications, the research and publications of others, obtaining indigenous material cultural specimens for Speck, purchases of indigenous material culture specimens (baskets, masks, etc.) from Speck, Speck's identification of items in the Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford University, Speck's bibliography, and Speck's obituary; letters requesting copies of Speck's publications, or acknowledging the transmission of publications between Speck and others; copies and/or drafts of several of Speck's presentations and publications, including "Lectures on Primitive Religion," "Land Ownership Among Hunting Peoples in Primitive America and the World's Marginal Areas," "Review of Lowie's Introduction to Cultural Anthropology," and "The Double-Curve Motive in Northeastern Algonquian Art"; a bibliography of Speck's publications through 1942; rough drafts of miscellaneous papers, 1928-1948; Speck's notes on topics such as crane posture; Birket-Smith's 1946 "Plan for Circumpolar Research"; ten distribution maps for circumpolar culture traits, colored in with crayon to show distribution of traits including divination and miracle shamanism, sweat bath, turtle Atlas myth and world-tree concept, bone divination, bear veneration, curative power of mystic words and formulae, dog-ancestor myth, dog as soul leader, curvilinear patterns, and confession to cure taboo violation; and a prepublication manuscript of Hallowell's "The nature and function of property as a human institution" with additions and corrections.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Mohawk materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Language:English

Date:1933-1948

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Reports

Extent:6 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Mohawk language, history, and culture. Includes miscellaneous Mohawk field notes on topics such as Caughnawaga traps, St. Regis mask data obtained from Julius Cook, dance, addresses, etc., as well as a letter from Ray Fadden congratulating Speck on his Iroquois study (1945); Speck's review of "Listen for a Lonesome Drum" by Carl Cramer; a brief (circa 1945) by St. Regis Mohawks concerning Indian rights against New York and federal government after 1924, along with a letter from Muzzy Cook, Julius Cook, and Ray Fadden (Aren Akweks, Tehanetorens, of the Akwesasne Counselor Organization); a letter from former student Mary Rowell (married name Carse) regarding her summer experiences among the St. Regis Mohawk, including her general impressions of the culture and her concern about the dangers of false traditions being taught; a letter from Margaret Lazore concerning the sale of baskets at the Allentown Fair and mentioning the visit of Mary Rowell (Carse) and Ray Fadden; and two letters from Louis C. Jones returning Speck's manuscript "the Mohawk Folk Tale" and relating to Speck serving on the Handbook Committee of the American Folklore Society.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)