Guide to the Indigenous Materials at the American Philosophical Society

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Haudenosaunee history, language, and culture. Includes correspondence with Haudenosaunee consultants like John L. Buck, Seth Newhouse, Josiah Hill, David S. Hill, etc., on topics ranging from the seizure of wampum by the Canadian government, Newhouse's request that Speck secure wampum for him, Newhouse's offer to sell Speck his history manuscript, which he has been working on since 1885 [#1650], Haudenosaunee burial customs, religion, etc.; an essay by Jesse Moses titled "The Long-House man, a Six Nations Indian of Canada speaks his mind," about the relationship of Christianity and the long-house religion; Speck's correspondence with William N. Fenton, principally concerning field work among the Catawba, Cherokee, and Houma but also touching on Fenton's Seneca field work, Speck's various studies of the Haudenosaunee, and the Second Conference on Iroquois Research; correspondence with other anthropologists about various aspects of Haudenosaunee history and culture such as material culture specimens, archaeology, historical sources, agriculture, education, warfare, religion, population statistics, etc.; a draft of Speck's "Reflections on Iroquois religion" and related correspondence; an undated document describing a meeting of Delaware, Nanticoke, and Canadian Iroquois in the presence of Speck and recounting the injustices suffered by Indians in United States and Canada; a copy of a 1777 treaty made by Peter F. Timothy, a Moravian Delaware, in August 1888, and transmitted to Speck by Jesse Moses; and Speck's research notes and other miscellaneous correspondence on topics such as masks, art, museum specimens, hunting territory, chiefships, words, warfare with the Abenaki, the Delaware-as-women theme, academic publications and conferences, etc.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Haudenosaunee materials, Selections from the correspondence of the Honourable James Logan

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Shawnee

Susquehannock includes: Conestoga

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Piscataway includes: Conoy

Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English

Date:1702-1753

Type:Text

Extent:52 items

Description: Correspondence and other materials relating to Indian affairs. Topics include diplomacy with the Haudenosaunee, including various delegations to and from the Haudenosaunee, diplomatic gifts and expenses, and Maryland's efforts to treat with anxieties about French intrigues, overtures, and inroads on Indian loyalty; land claims and disputes; Lancaster Treaty of 1744; two Delaware Indians accused of murder; Ohio Company; Indians' tensions with Virginians; and Indians in Ohio. Individuals (other than contributors) mentioned include Hotquantgoehle, Shickellamy, Andrew Montour, George Croghan, Colonel Burnett, Canasadego, Lord Cornbury, Indian Harry, Allumapis, and Lapaghpitton.

Collection:Selections from the correspondence of the Honourable James Logan, 1699-1750 (Mss.B.L82)

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Houma materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tohono O'odham includes: Papago

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Houma

Creek

Akimel O'odham includes: Pima

Language:English

Date:1929-1947

Type:Text | Three-dimensional object

Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Specimens | Reports

Extent:11 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Houma history and culture. Includes correspondence with Houma consultants such as members of the Billiot family, Ann Celestine, Dorothy Celestine, and Ben Paul about topics including museum specimens (a pirogue, beaded belts, baskets, blow guns, etc.), land questions, and schooling problems; correspondence with government officials and academic colleagues including Willard Beatty, William Zimmerman, Joseph McCaskill, Alice Marriott, and John Reed Swanton, and others regarding Speck's field work, various aspects of his research, and the social and economic conditions of the Houma people; a draft and copy of Speck's "Report...on Houma Indians" prepared for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, concerning the history and condition of the Houma and their educational needs; notes and correspondence regarding Houma medicine and traps; and Houma specimens consisting of six bone and wood points for canoe arrows and a model of canoe with two paddles.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Illinois materials, Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers

Culture:

Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway

Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi

Peoria

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Miami includes: Myaamiaki

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Kaskaskia

Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je

Illinois Confederation

Dakota includes: Dakȟóta

Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek

Language:English

Date:circa 1949-1956

Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Kane, Michal Lowenfels | Rochmes, Louis

Type:Text

Extent:16 folders; 1 box

Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 17 items directly pertaining to the related Algonquian peoples known as the Illinois have been identified. Most of these materials are located in Series IX. Indian Claims, and relate to Wallace's work as a researcher and expert witness on behalf of Native American land claims. They include research note cards (located in Series III. Notecards), research notes and write-ups, copies and extracts of primary sources, court dockets, trial memoranda, tribal histories, and correspondence with historical societies and legal representives of the claimants. There are also materials relating specifically to the Peoria and Kaskaskia peoples of the Illinois, including dockets naming them as claimants, trial memoranda, and research notes. Note that much of Wallace's material on the Illinois also mentions the Miami, Iowa, Sac and Fox (Meskwaki), and other neighboring peoples, and that there is a great deal of overlap in these entries. See also the Louis Rochmes file in Series I. Correspondence. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.

Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)

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Lenape materials, Bruce L. Pearson Papers

Culture:

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Language:Delaware | English

Date:1960s-2000s

Subject:Linguistics | Food | Oklahoma--History | Kinship

Type:Text

Extent:ca. 5 linear feet

Description: The Lenape materials in the Bruce L. Pearson Papers are the largest section of the collection. Pearson worked with the Delaware Nation of Indians in Oklahoma from 1968 until the 2000s. Most of the Lenape material in the collection is in Series I, which is entirely Lenape files, especially with Jim Rementer and Nora Thompson Dean (Pearson's main consultant). Series IV contains twelve field notebooks (bulk 1968-1970s), each with consultants and contents listed. Series IX contains over 4 boxes of card files containing lexica and grammatical analysis. Many of the conferences in Series V relate to Lenape and other Algonquian languages. In Series VI, Lenape material can be found under Price and Bierhorst.

Collection:Bruce L. Pearson Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.265)

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Lenape materials, C. F. Voegelin Papers

Culture:

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Language:English | Delaware

Date:circa 1925-1967

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:48 folders, 5 boxes

Description: The C. F. Voegelin Papers contain correspondence, card files, notes, notebooks, texts, translations, drafts, articles, maps, and other linguistic and ethnographic materials relating to Delaware (Lenape) language and culture. Many of these items pertain to Voegelin's "Walam Olum or Red Score: The Migration Legend of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians," published by the Indiana Historical Society in 1954. Such materials are located in primarily in Subcollection I. There is relevant correspondence with Charles Hockett (with questions about Voegelin's article on Delaware and examples from other Algonquian languages), Eli Lilly (regarding various aspects of the Walam Olum, its interpretation and publication), Kenneth E. Pearson (regarding use of Delaware language in Boy Scout ceremonies), John N. Seaman (regarding language consultant Willy Longbone), Frank Siebert (regarding Walam Olum, Munsee materials, language consultants Willy Longbone, Nicodemus Peters, and Nicholas Powless), Morris Swadesh (including a brief Stockbridge vocabulary and a slip of Moravian Delaware), and John Witthoft (regarding Walam Olum) in Series I. Correspondence. Delaware materials also include 5 boxes of card files and 5 folders of document files (primarily vocabulary and linguistic notes, and including 1 box and 1 folder relating to specifically to Munsee and 1 box and 1 folder of Walam Olum vocabulary keyed to the Rafinesque translation) in Series II. 7 folders pertaining to Voegelin's work on the Walam Olum in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries III-A: Works Translated by Voegelin; a folder on Delaware grammar in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries III-B: Works Authored by Voegelin; 3 articles on the Walam Olum by Constantine Rafinesque, Daniel G. Brinton, and Frank Speck in Series IV. Works by Others; 2 folders on Delaware and 1 on Delaware-Munsee (containing Vocabularies, notes, texts, translations, and various typed works by the Group for Delaware at the Linguistic Institute over multiple summers) in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-A: Language Notes; 18 folders of unbound texts in Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-B: Text; Delaware materials in Blackfoot Folder #2 and Ojibwe Folder #24 in Series VI. Notebooks; an ink map of Delaware locations created for Voegelin's published translation of the Walam Olum in Series VII. Photographs; and a folder related to Voegelin's translation of the Walam Olum in the Oversized files.

Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)

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Lenape materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tutelo includes: Yesan

Shawnee

Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Munsee

Nanticoke

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Abenaki includes: Abnaki

Language:English | Delaware

Date:1895-1948

Type:Still Image | Text

Extent:57 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Lenape (or "Delaware") history, language, and culture. Speck's correspondence with Delaware collaborators in Oklahoma relating to Lenape history, ethnographic data, linguistics, museum specimens, and reservation affairs, etc., might be of particular interest; there are also several tales related by Witapanóxwe, or War Eagle, other tales and texts (some with interlineal translation) from Josiah Montour and other unknown contributors, and 11 sketches of Lenape art designs. Other correspondence touches on Speck's efforts to collect specimens (and individuals and institutions interested in acquiring them), his efforts to collect paintings and sketches of ceremonies and designs, his fieldwork and expenses, financial support from the University of Pennsylvania and Indiana Historical Society, Shawnee data on Oklahoma Delawares, the Big House Ceremony, efforts to acquire a Delaware Big House to erect in Harrisburg, Delawares-as-women, etc. There are also at least 82 pages (in three folders) of Speck's field notes of ethnographic and linguistic data, and over 50 pages (in two folders) of Speck's miscellaneous notes (including some correspondence) on topics such as Gladys Tantaquidgeon and Lenape designs, botanical specimens, linguistic materials, museum specimens, the Walam Olum, the "Six Nation Delaware reservation", the celestial bear theme, native religion, reviews of Speck's publications, etc. Other notes cover Delaware grammar and vocabulary, Delaware clans and social organization, dualism in Delaware religion, the influence of Christianity on Delaware religion, the provenance of Delaware museum specimens obtained from Delawares in Oklahoma and Canada, biographical information on Joseph Montur and Nicodemus Peters, etc. There are also various drafts, essays, lectures and other writings by Speck on topics such as Delaware religion, ceremonies, peyote rites, designs, population, remnant populations in the east, history, place names, a Delaware bibliography and a notebook of reports to the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee on fieldwork among Oklahoma Delaware, St. Francis Abenaki, Munsee and Six Nations (Haudenosaunee) Delaware, Tutelo, Cayuga, 1931-1936.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)

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Lenape materials, Frank Siebert Papers

Culture:

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Penobscot

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Munsee

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Cherokee

Abenaki includes: Abnaki

Date:1930-1941; 1981-1983

Type:Text | Sound recording

Description: The Lenape (or "Delaware") materials in the Siebert collection can be found in Series IV, V, VII. Original notes can be found in Series V: Notebooks, in the folders "Delaware Texts" and "Munsee Field Notes from Nicodemus Peters, Smoothtown, Six Nations' Reserve, Ontario" from 1938. Many of the other materials are from secondary sources. Of interest is geographic diversity of Delaware materials ranging from Willy Longbones in Oklahoma to the Munsee speakers in Ontario. There are also a number of Munsee recordings in Series XII.

Collection:Frank Siebert Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.97)

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Miami materials, Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers

Culture:

Wea

Piankashaw includes: Piankeshaw, Pianguichia, Peeyankihšiaki

Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox

Miami includes: Myaamiaki

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Illinois Confederation

Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je

Language:English

Date:circa 1951

Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Kane, Michal Lowenfels

Type:Text

Extent:14 folders; 1 box

Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 15 items directly pertaining to the related Algonquian peoples known as the Miami have been identified. Most of these materials are located in Series IX. Indian Claims, and relate to Wallace's work as a researcher and expert witness on behalf of Native American land claims. They include research note cards (located in Series III. Notecards), research notes and write-ups, court dockets, trial memoranda, copies of treaties, and tribal histories. There are also materials relating to the Wea and Piankashaw peoples of the Miami, including Michal Kane's bibliographic survey of Wea and Piankeshaw locations and the fur trade in Cession 151, her Wea notes, another folder of Wea notes, a folder of Piankashaw (Piankeshaw) notes, and two dockets that include the Piankasaw as claimants, along with the Delaware and Peoria (Illinois). Note that much of Wallace's material on the Miami also mentions the Illinois, Iowa, Sac and Fox (Meskwaki), and other neighboring peoples, and that there is a great deal of overlap in these entries. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.

Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)

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Nanticoke materials, Frank G. Speck Papers

Culture:

Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'

Seneca includes: Onöndowága

Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'

Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka

Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka

Nanticoke

Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware

Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe

Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no

Language:English | Nanticoke

Date:1914-1943

Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Mooney, James, 1861-1921

Type:Text

Genre:Correspondence | Notes

Extent:3 folders

Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Nanticoke language, history, and culture. Includes Speck's miscellaneous Nanticoke notes, comprising a letter from Wes (?) to Speck, June 24, 1943, concerning Nanticoke J. Barton Cheyney to Speck, October 31, no year, concerning Delaware-white-Nanticoke relations; James Mooney to Speck, February 15, 1916, concerning Speck's Nanticoke article (1915); Franz Boas to Speck, March 29, 1916, on same subject. [See also Speck (1915).] Other materials include a document describing a meeting of Delaware, Nanticoke, and Canadian Iroquois in the presence of Speck and recounting injustices suffered by Native peoples in the United States and Canada [see also #1755] and Speck's notes on the Tuscarora in Canada, which include names for the Nanticokes in Cayuga, Tuscarora, Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, and Oneida; notes on wampum, folklore, and the Canadian Tuscarora; and some Nanticoke vocabulary.

Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)