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Culture:
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1756-1787
Contributor:Norris, Isaac, 1701-1766 | Thomson, Charles, 1729-1824 | Wharton, Samuel, 1732-1800 | Wharton, Thomas, 1730-1782 | Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834 | Harmar, Josiah, 1753-1813 | Bouquet, Henry, 1719-1765 | Paris, Ferdinand John | Spicer, Jacob, 1716-1765
Subject:Deeds | Land claims | Pennsylvania--History | Warfare | United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Pontiac's Conspiracy, 1763-1765
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Minutes
Extent:18 items
Description: Correspondence and minutes of conferences relating to Pennsylvania's relations with Delawares, Shawnees, and the Haudenosaunee. Land deeds and purchases, the Treaty of Easton, the Seven Years' War era, the conflict called Pontiac's War and the surrender of the Delawares and Shawnees, the Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the Empress of Russia and her plan for a universal dictionary, Teedyuscung and his fitness for leadership are among the topics discussed.
Collection:Benjamin Franklin Papers (Mss.B.F85)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:February 3, 1758
Contributor:D., W.
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:2 pages
Description: Letter to Captain Weatherholt regarding enemy Munsey [Delaware] Indians on information from a friendly Indian.
Collection:Burd-Shippen Papers (Mss.B.B892)
Culture:
Date:1781-1819 and undated
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Green, Daniel (Mohawk) | Killbuck, John (William Henry) | Beaver, Mr. | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808 | Miller, Samuel | Hopocan, approximately 1725-1794 (Captain Pipe)
Subject:Government relations | Linguistics | Missions | Social life and customs | Pennsylvania--History | Moravians
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Notes | Essays
Extent:16 items
Description: These items includes notes, letters, and essays on the history, manners, and languages of Native peoples, particularly the Lenape ("Delaware"), sent by Heckewelder to the Committee and to members of the American Philosophical Society. Contains answers to queries, historical material (such as the arrival of Europeans; relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee), Indian speeches, replies to letters of Peter S. Du Ponceau, references to Swedish-Lenape translations, Indian writing, translations of English into Indian languages. Mentions Delaware individuals, both named and unnamed.
Collection:Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821 (Mss.970.1.H35c)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:October 25, 1775; February 3, 1783; March 24, 1786
Contributor:Franklin, John, 1749-1831 | Hamilton, James, 1710-1783
Subject:Pennsylvania--History | Land claims | Warfare | Treaties
Type:Text
Extent:1 letter; 2 documents
Description: Documents provides names of treaty signers of Delaware and the Haudenosaunee given in list from 1684-1783 of Pennsylvania land purchasers. Memorial to Assembly about Treaty of 1736 and land dispute between Pennsylvania and Connecticut. King Hendrick denies sale of Haudenosaunee lands.
Collection:Documents relating to the Wyoming Controversy (Mss.974.8.D65)
Culture:
Susquehannock includes: Conestoga
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1753-1771
Subject:United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Pennsylvania--History | Paxton Boys
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Orderly book
Extent:10 items
Description: Letters between members of the Shippen family and other Philadelphia notables like William Logan and Robert Hunter Morris regarding Indian affairs largely during the Seven Years' War era. Joseph Shippen, Jr.'s 1758 orderly book discusses the taking of Fort Duquesne, along with Indian affairs. Individuals mentioned include Teedyuscung, John Shekalemy, Captain Jacob, Shingas, Castologa, the Half-King, Zaccheus (a Wighaloosin (Wyalusing) Indian), Captain Culbertson, George Croghan, Delaware chief Wenawalike or Simon, Killbuck, and Newcomen. Ohio Indians and villages, Wyoming, Treaty of Easton, Virginia Indians, Shawnees, Susquehannocks, Munsees, and the Haudenosaunee are also mentioned.
Collection:Edward Shippen letters and papers (Mss.B.Sh62)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:September 24, 1891
Contributor:Parker, Ely Samuel, 1828-1895
Type:Text
Extent:16 pages
Description: Draft of an address on the occasion of the unveiling of a monument dedicated by the New York Tammany Regiment to the memory of comrades killed in the Civil War. A prominent feature of the monument is a figure of the Delaware chief, Tammany.
Collection:Ely Samuel Parker Papers (Mss.497.3.P223)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Language:English
Date:1740-1760
Contributor:Bard, Peter | Croghan, George, 1720?-1782 | Johnson, William, 1715-1774 | Mercer, Hugh, approximately 1725-1777 | Orndt, Jacob | Hamilton, James, 1710-1783 | Trump, Levi | Penn, Thomas, 1702-1775 | Penn, Richard, 1706-1771 | Spangenberg, Joseph
Subject:Pennsylvania--History | United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Seven Years' War, 1756-1763 | Warfare | Land claims | Land transfers | Moravians | Missions | Diplomacy | Treaties | Ohio--History | Louisiana--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Passports | Instructions | Speeches | Reports
Extent:15 items
Description: Materials relating to Pennsylvania's relations with Delawares during the Seven Years' War era. Topics include provisions for Native allies; addresses by Native diplomats like Teedyuscung and representatives of Indians in Ohio; Teedyuscung's charges of land fraud and the Penns' rebuttal; a passport for Teedyuscung; Quaker support for Teedyuscung and involvement in Indian affairs; Quakers' address to the Governor and Council of Pennsylvania vindicating themselves from blame for Indian attacks; 1758 plans for a treaty with the Haudenosaunee and Delawares; other councils or meetings with Native individuals or groups; prices in Indian trade; sending out to Indians to bring in scalps; a first-person account, copied from and referring to other manuscripts, regarding trade on Ohio, history of Louisiana, French and Indian relations; Spangenberg's refutal of a charge that Moravian Indians are friendly with the French; instructions to Conrad Weiser for a 1754 trip to Augwick to determine sentiments of Haudenosaunee people, Delawares, Shawnees, Miamis, and Wyandots. Individuals mentioned include Iegra, Delaware George, Tanacharison, and Scarroyady.
Collection:Indian and Military Affairs of Pennsylvania, 1737-1775 (Mss.974.8.P19)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:December 22, 1859
Subject:Linguistics
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:1 letter
Description: Concerns Delaware Indians' language. Seeks aid of a Philadelphian in translating Place names. Sends notes on his work.
Collection:John Fries Frazer Papers (Mss.B.F865)
Culture:
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Language:English
Date:April 15, 1847
Contributor:Heckewelder, Johanna Maria
Subject:Politics and government | Government relations | Ohio--History | Moravians | Missions | Pennsylvania--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:4 pages
Description: Photocopy of letter to Lyman Copeland Draper. Original in the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Concerning certain Indian leaders and other topics as noted and discussed in her father's papers. Individuals mentioned include Simon, chief of the Girlys [possibly a reference to Simon Girty]; Delaware chief Shingash; Delaware chief Captain Pipe or Hopocan [or Hopokan, aka Konieschquanoheel], who led the Wolf clan; Machingwe Pushas, Hopocan's successor [possibly means Hockingpomska]; and Gelelemend, aka John Killbuck, Jr., leader of the Turtle clan and successor to White Eyes, aka Koquethagechton. Other topics include Indian-white relations in Pennsylvania (particularly relating to Delawares) and the murders of Christian Delawares at the Moravian mission town of Gnadenhutten by David Williamson and his men.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder papers (Mss.B.H35)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)