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Culture:
Wolastoqiyik includes: Wəlastəkwewiyik, Malecite, Maliseet
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Innu includes: Montagnais, Mountaineer
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Atikamekw includes: Têtes-de-Boules, Têtes de Boules, Tete de Boule
Abenaki includes: Abnaki
Language:English | Abenaki, Western | French | Abenaki, Eastern
Date:1914-1930
Contributor:Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Day, Gordon M. | Laurent, Bernedette | Masta, Henry Lorne | Nolet, Beatrice | Obomsawin, Louis Napoleon | Panadis, Theophile | Reynolds, Beatrice | Ritzenthaler, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1911-1980 | Watso, William
Subject:Dance | Architecture | Ethnography | Clothing and dress | Hunting | Psychology | Agriculture | Animals | Personal names | Kinship | Music | Botany | Material culture | Folklore | Medicine | Religion | Genealogy | Economics | Linguistics | Québec (Province)--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Field notes | Photographs | Maps | Notes | Rorschach tests | Vocabularies | Drawings | Bibliographies | Biographies | Stories
Extent:1 linear foot
Description: The Abenaki materials in the Hallowell Papers are mostly located in Series V, Research Files, in folders labled "Abenaki" and Series VI, Photographs, Subseries E "St. Francis Abenaki Album." These include linguistic, ethnographic, ethnobotanical, ceremonial knowledge, information on political organization, and historical materials. Of particular interest are a sketch of Abenaki history from 1600-1930 accompanied by detailed notes from secondary sources on 17th century Abenaki history. The linguistic materials include an analysis of how the language changed after contact with Catholic missionaries, Abenaki vocabulary related to body parts, Abenaki phonetics, and religious, medical, and kinship terminology. The ethnobotanical materials include a manuscript labled "Identity of animals and plants," and information concerning herbal medicine and its practitioners. There is a wealth of ethnographic materials that include drawings of pipes, descriptions of games, basketry and birch bark mats. There are descriptions of Abenaki music and diagrams of dances, as well as detailed descriptions of hunting techniques. Some of the genealogical materials contain lists of community members names and descriptions of marriage. Interspersed throughout the folders labled "Abenaki" in the Research Files are interlinear translations of stories such as "Man who could Find Lost Objects," "Woman and Bear Lover" and numerous other stories. The materials on hunting include topics such as the use of snow shoes, preparation of moose hide, and techniques and drawings of trapping. The collections contain important information designation hunting territories and family names. Four folders contain detailed informaiton on kinship terms. Two folders on Measurements and Genealogical data contain lists of names. The folders labled "Linguistics" in Series V contain scattered information about Abenaki grammar. In Series VI, of 160 photographs taken at St. Francis, Odanak in the Centre-du-Québec region. The Abenaki people in the photographs are identified, in most cases, and also include depictions of traditional dress, buildings, clothing, baskets, and a wide variety of material culture. The correspondence, in Series I, includes letters from Théophile Panadis; Gordon Day describing his collection of stories, recordings, vocabularies, and hunting territories. Henry Lorne Masta, one of Hallowell's Abenaki consultants, writes about culture and language. Additional correspondents may contain other Abenaki-related information.
Collection:Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.26)
Culture:
Squamish includes: Sḵwx̱wú7mesh, Sko-ko-mish
Date:1976
Contributor:Bouchard, Randy | Turner, Nancy J., 1947-
Subject:Anthropology | Linguistics | Salishan languages | Botany | Ethnography | Food | Medicine | Folklore | Social life and customs | Ecology | Botany | Plants | British Columbia--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Monographs | Illustrations | Essays
Extent:179 pages
Description: This paper, co-authored by Nancy J. Turner and Randall (Randy) T. Bouchard, gives the comparative linguistic transcriptions of the native plant names, the botanical identification, and the common English-language names of the plant species, as well as their utilization as food or in technology, medicine, or mythology. Includes photographs. See also the other volumes in the same series in the APS collections: Bouchard and Dorothy I. D. Kennedy's "Knowledge and usage of land mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, and amphibians by the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia" (1976) (Mss.970.6.K38.k); and Bouchard and Kennedy's "Utilization of fish, beach foods, and marine mammals by the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia" (1976) (Mss.970.6.K38). These publications were disseminated by the British Columbia Language Project.
Collection:Botany of the Squamish Indian people of British Columbia (Mss.970.6.B66)
Culture:
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Language:English
Date:circa 1905-1956
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015
Subject:Greenland--History | Arctic hysteria | Piblokto | Anthropology | Psychology | Ethnography | Medicine | Diseases | Psychiatry | Health
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Photographs | Essays | Notes | Correspondence
Extent:44 folders; 1 box
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 45 items directly pertaining to the Inuit (formerly Eskimos) have been identified. Wallace was particularly interested in arctic hysteria (piblokto) among the Inuit and other polar populations, and 27 folders of research materials on this topic can be found in Series VII. Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute. Of particular interest might be the images in Series XII. Graphics, which include 13 folders of images of individuals (and some dogs) going about normal activites and--at another time--suffering from arctic hysteria. There is also a copy of Wallace's "Interdisciplinary Approaches to Mental Disorder Among the Polar Eskimos of Northwest Greenland" in Series IV. Works by Wallace A. Professional; several copies of articles by other scholars on Inuit and other arctic populations in Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work B. U.S.-Soviet Commission on Anthropology; and one box of research notecards in Series III. Notecards. Among Wallace's many correspondents, files for Robert Ackerman, the American Philosophical Society, the Arctic Health Research Center, the Arctic Institute of North America, Edmund Snow Carpenter, Nancy Yaw Davis, David Landy, Raymond Neutra, and Douglas Oliver include references to Inuits and other Arctic peoples. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Language:English
Date:1908-1929
Contributor:Flaherty, Robert Joseph, 1884-1951 | Rasmussen, Knud, 1879-1933 | Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 1879-1962 | Wentz, Herbert B.
Subject:Eugenics | Medicine | Education | Alaska--History | Mixed descent | Anthropometry | Arctic regions | Expeditions | Anthropology | Ethnography | Children
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Essays | Newspaper clippings | Notes | Correspondence | Sketches
Extent:3 folders
Description: The Eugenics Record Office Records consist of 330.5 linear feet of materials relating to the ERO, founded in 1910 for the study of human heredity and as a repository for genetic data on human traits. The Eugenics Record Office Papers (1670-1964) contain trait schedules, newspaper clippings, manuscript essays, pedigree charts, article abstracts, reprints, magazine articles, bibliographies, photographs, hair samples, postcard pictures, card files, and some correspondence which document the projects of the Eugenics Record Office during the thirty-four years of its operation. There are Inuit (formerly Eskimo) materials located in Series I. Trait Files. These include Folder "A:974 x 98. Caucasian x Eskimo" (1927), which contains correspondence (with sketches) of Herbert B. Wentz, M.D. to Harry H. Laughlin of the Eugenics Research Association, largely about the occurence of pigmentation in children of white and Native parents, but also with Wentz's descriptions of the unfair treatment toward Native Alaskans in medicine, education, and the reindeer industry. Folder "A:979 x 80. Caucasian - Eskimo" (1919) contains a single, brief anecdotal paragraph about an Inuit woman married to a white man. Folder "A:9798. Eskimos" (1908-1929) contains several newspaper clippings and articles (from Harpers, World's Work, The Literary Digest, The New York Times, etc.) relating to the Inuit, including Vilhjalmr Stefansson's article "Wintering Among the Eskimos"; newspaper clippings showing Mrs. Frank E. Kleinschmidt sharing a meal with Inuit women and children, Mrs. Kleinschmidt with an Inuit hunter, and an Inuit girl; Robert J. Flaherty's article "Wetalltooks' Islands: How the Remarkable Information and Native Map of One Wetalltook, an Esquimo, Suggested the Belcher Island Expedition" (with photos); Flaherty's article "How I Flimed 'Nanook of the North'" (with photos); "Knud Rasmussen's Artic Odyssey: The First of Two Articles by the Leader of the Fifth Thule Expedition" (with photos); William A. Thomas's "Health of a Carnivorous Race: A Study of the Eskimo"; a New York Times spread on Earl Rossman's expedition in Nunivak (with photos); Stefansson's "The 'Blond' Eskimos"; "Eskimos Under their Skin, as seen by Rasmussen" (with photos); and three pages of references to mentions of Eskimos in medical journals, two from the Journal of Immunology, Baltimore and one from Ugeskrift for Laeger, Copenhagen.
Collection:Eugenics Record Office Records (Mss.Ms.Coll.77)
Culture:
Zulu includes: AmaZulu
Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw
Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish
K'ómoks includes: Comox
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk
Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo
Heiltsuk includes: Bella Bella, Haíɫzaqv
Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino
Date:1893-1951
Contributor:Homiskanis, Lucy | Francine, Tsukwani | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Hunt, George | Averkieva, Julia | Bryan, Ruth | Leechman, J. D. (John Douglas), 1890- | Smith, Marian W. (Marian Wesley), 1907-1961 | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922 | Yampolsky, Helene
Subject:Architecture | British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Fishing | Food | Games | Human remains | Hunting | Kinship | Linguistics | Marriage customs and rites | Material culture | Medicine | Museum objects | Music | Orthography and spelling | Personal names | Place names | Religion | Rites and ceremonies | Skulls | Social life and customs
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Autobiographies | Correspondence | Field notes | Dictionaries | Genealogies | Grammars | Maps | Musical scores | Notebooks | Photographs | Songs | Speeches | Transcripts | Vocabularies
Extent:Approx. 10,000 loose pages, 10 notebooks, 7000+ cards, 10+ maps
Description: The Kwakwaka'wakw materials in the ACLS collection are located predominantly in the "Kwakiutl" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing of all materials (other relevant sections are "Northwest Coast", "Bella Bella (Heitsuk)", and item AfBnd.4 in "Non-American and non-linguistic material"). Some of the larger individual sets of materials listed within this section also have their own specific tables of contents (available upon request) detailing their often highly diverse contents. Overall, the vast majority of the material is made of of 1) manuscripts sent to Boas by George Hunt from the 1890s to the 1930s, frequently in both Kwak'wala and English, covering a very broad range of Kwakwaka'wakw history, culture, languages, customs, and traditions; and 2) field work materials recorded by Boas and Boas' own analyses of material sent by Hunt, covering a similar range of topics. Additional materials by other individuals focus especially on linguistic and ethnographic matters. Also see the guide entry "Kwakiutl materials, Franz Boas Papers" for information on the correspondence between Boas and Hunt, which gives additional context to the materials in the ACLS collection.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Zuni includes: A:shiwi
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Tutelo includes: Yesan
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Oceti Sakowin includes: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Sioux
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Sahtú includes: North Slavey
Onondaga includes: Onöñda'gega'
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Muscogee includes: Muskogee, Mvskoke, Muscogee Creek
Navajo includes: Diné, Navaho
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Gwich'in includes: Kutchin, Loucheux, Tukudh
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Apache includes: Inde
Language:English
Date:1939-1945; 1947-Circa 1961; 1951-1962;
Contributor:Gillespie, John Douglas | Marriott, Alice, 1910-1992
Subject:Archaeology | Dance | Ethnography | Folklore | Linguistics | Medicine | Music | Rites and ceremonies
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Grammars | Musical scores | Newspaper clippings | Photographs
Extent:Circa 350 volumes; 75 photographs; 75 newspaper clippings; 70 manuscripts
Description: This collection pertains principally to the Cherokees of North Carolina and Oklahoma and to their language, ethnography, folklore, archeology, history, music, etc. Includes Indian studies and correspondence by Gillespie, notes on Indian dances and linguistics, bibliographies, publications of the Archaeological Society of Brigham Young University, and newspaper clippings. Also comprised of materials on: Apache, Calusa, Chippewa, Choctaw, Delaware, Eskimo, Fox, Haudenosaunee, Karankawa, Gwich'in, Mattaponi, Muskogee, Navajo, Onondaga, Sauk, Seminole, Seneca, Shawnee, Sioux, Slave, Timucua, Tuscarora, Tutelo, Wyandot, and Zuni. Contains: Gillespie, "A grammar of western dialect of Cherokee language of the Iroquoian family," 1949-1954 (131 pages); "Miscellaneous material on the Cherokee Indians and language"; "Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian."
Collection:Miscellaneous items pertaining to the American Indian (Mss.497.3.G41)
Culture:
Nlaka'pamux includes: Nlakapamuk, Nłeʔkepmx, Ntlakyapamuk, Thompson
Language:English | Nlaka'pamuctsin
Date:1885, 1898-1918
Contributor:Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922 | Antko | Tetlenitsa, Chief | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
Subject:Basketry | Botany | Ethnography | Kinship | Linguistics | Material culture | Medicine | Music | Religion | Warfare | British Columbia--History
Type:Text | Cartographic | Still Image
Genre:Correspondence | Drawings | Essays | Field notes | Grammars | Maps | Notebooks | Vocabularies
Extent:1000+ loose pages, 500+ slips, 23 notebooks, 1 map
Description: The Nlaka'pamux materials in the ACLS collection are located primarily in the "Thompson" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing. They consist predominantly of ethnographic, historical, linguistic, and botanical materials recorded and assembled by James Teit from the 1890s to the 1910s and sent to Boas. Many of the material listed in the finding aid, especially those of larger size, are composed of many shorter, distinct individual manuscripts on specific topics that were gathered together into the large sets of manuscripts and assigned general titles such as "Thompson materials" or "Salish ethnographic materials". Many additional Nlaka'pamux materials can also be found in the "Salish" section of the finding aid, often intermixed among information on neighboring Interior Salish peoples. In both of these sections there are also some additional materials, generally linguistic, by Franz Boas and others.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English | Chippewa | Ojibwa, Northwestern
Date:1932-1949
Contributor:Hallowell, A. Irving (Alfred Irving), 1892-1974 | Berens, William, 1866-1947 | Berens, Gordon | Bigmouth, Adam | Watrous, B. | Keeper, John | Keeper, Alec | Felix, Arthur | Bear, James | Swain, Alec | Wigwaswatik | Levique | Everett, William | Potci | Dunsford | Kagikeasik | Pudrin, Mrs. | Boucher, Mary | Miller, Jane | Cret, Willie | Maman
Subject:Architecture | Drums | Ethnography | Clothing and dress | Hunting | Psychology | Animals | Personal names | Linguistics | Kinship | Material culture | Folklore | Medicine | Religion | Medicine | Basketry | Genealogy | Economics | Linguistics | Sexuality | Diseases | Blood quantum | Rites and ceremonies | Tools | Tattoing | Maps | Cosmology
Type:Text | Cartographic | Still Image
Genre:Biographies | Drawings | Field notes | Notebooks | Bibliographies | Notes | Diaries | Correspondence | Vocabularies | Charts | Interviews | Photographs | Pictographs | Rorschach tests | Sketches | Stories | Vocabularies | Autobiographies | Maps
Description: The Ojibwe materials in the A. Irving Hallowell Papers are extensive. Hallowell focused on three regions of Ojibwe territory: Berens River in north, central Canada (Pikangikum, Pauingassi, Poplar River; Little Grand Rapids First Nations) and Lac du Flambeau in Wisconsin. Hallowell was particularly interested in psychological anthropology. Both the Berens River and Lac du Flambeau materials in Series V, for example, includes ethnographic information on taboos, incest regulations, Rorschach tests, dreams, and acculturation. Hallowell's interests in traditional knowledge are represented by descriptions of the practice of the Midewiwin religion; traditional stories about Wisakedjak and Tcakabec/Chakabesh, Memegwesiug, Windigos, and Thunderbirds. Of particular interest in the Lac du Flambeau materials are hundred of pages of family biographies in Series V and photographs with the names of community members in Series VI, Subseries B. Of particular interest in the Berens River materials are maps of traditional hunting grounds, a diagram of Ojibwe cosmology, an autobiography by Hallowell's collaborator Chief William Berens, 29 folders of "Saulteaux Indians--Myths and Tales" all in Series V. There are hundreds of photographs from the region, with many community members identified, and all digitized, in Series VI, Subseries A. The correspondence, in Series I, includes Robert Ritzenhaler's description of a shaking tent ceremony by Ojibwe in Wisconsin; a detailed account of Joseph Fiddler's trial for murdering a windigo in the folder labled Royal Canadian Mounted Police; papers sent by Morton Teicher detailing incidents of windigo in Canada (50+ pages); a letter from Frances Densmore describing a shaking tent ceremony; and several letters from Chief William Berens providing information about Ojibwe people in the photographs in Series VI.
Collection:Alfred Irving Hallowell Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.26)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1921-1949
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Congdon, Charles E. (Charles Edwin), 1877- | Deardorff, Merle H., 1890-1971 | Fenton, William N., (William Nelson), 1908-2005 | Isserman, Ferdinand M. (Ferdinand Myron), 1898-1972 | Luongo, James M. | Redeye, Clara | Clark, Evangeline | William, Spencer F. | White, Clayton | Cornplanter, Jesse J. | Redeye, Sherman
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Funeral rites and ceremonies | Dance | Rites and ceremonies | Religion | Masks | Medicine | Place names | Folklore | Oklahoma--History | Specimens
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Essays | Notes | Field notes | Charts | Photographs
Extent:16 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in Seneca language, history, and culture. Several folders contain correspondence, including one with six letters from Jesse Cornplanter to Speck and others on topics such as his religious beliefs and changes in the way of life; praising Speck; pay for Native consultants; sending Christmas greetings; and husk faces. Other correspondence includes letters from Charles E. Congdon concerning Coldspring Longhouse ceremonies, use of stick and post in dance, Tonawanda and Cattaraugus medicines, congratulating Speck on his Iroquois (1945), describing Alleghany ceremonials, and giving a sketch of the arrangement of participants; from James M. Luongo concerning Seneca and other specimens; from Clara Redeye transmitting a 1941 picture of four generations and sending dolls; from Spencer F. William, a Seneca writer seeking work; from Evangeline Clark sending thanks for reprints, which she had sent to Suffolk University; from Merle H. Deardorff concerning consultant Clayton White, Pennsylvania place names, Speck (1942), and a lengthy discussion of the practices of Handsome Lake adherents; and from Speck to Deardorff concerning an Iroquois conference at Allegany. Other folders contain William N. Fenton's Seneca ceremonial calendar from Coldspring, 131 pages of organized, detailed field notes on ceremonies; Congdon's 4-page essay comparing the religion of Handsome Lake with Judaism and Greco-Roman spirits; Clayton White's description of the one-year death feast; Clayton White's description of a False Face Dance at Coldspring Long House, taken for Deardorff; Speck's miscellaneous notes containing words and two letters from Sherman Redeye to Speck concerning corn-husk masks; Speck's notes on the Oklahoma Seneca with an outline of ceremonials and a chart, with special attention to dances and funerary practices; and Ferdinand Isserman's student paper "Mythology of Seneca Indians." Some of these materials may be restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Language:English
Date:1920-1947
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Carse, Mary, 1919- | Solenberger, R. R. (Robert R.) | Gilliam, Charles Edgar | Hassrick, Royal B. | Carpenter, Edmund, 1922-2011 | Stern, Theodore, 1917- | Müller, Werner, 1907-1990 | Kremens, Jack | Mook, Maurice A. (Maurice Allison), 1904-1973
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Social life and customs | Virginia--History | Hunting | Religion | Warfare | Politics and government | Agriculture | Medicine | Folklore | Kinship | Clans | Virginia--History | Botany | Zoology | World War, 1939-1945
Type:Text | Three-dimensional object | Still Image
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Field notes | Notebooks | Newspaper clippings | Essays | Specimens | Photographs
Extent:40 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's interest in the various Virginia- or Chesapeake-area peoples sometimes collectively lumped as Powhatans, including the Chickahominy, Mattaponi, Nansemond, Pamunkey, and Rappahannock peoples, from the early contact period into the mid-twentieth century. The Cherokees, Seminoles, Tuscaroras, and Penobscots are also mentioned. Correspondence includes Speck's correspondence with Chickahominy consultants like Chief George L. Nelson, Mrs. S. P. Nelson, Chief James H. Nelson, and E. P. Bradby; Pamunkey consultants like Paul L. Miles and Chief O. W. Adkins; Charles Edgar Gilliam, a Petersburg, Virginia, attorney and amateur historian, etymologist, and ethnologist; and a letter from Werner Müller in Berlin to the University of Pennsylvania inquiring whether Speck's book on the Nansamond and Chickahominy Indians was published and mentioniong Speck's publications on the Rappahannock and Powhatan. Other materials, largely arranged by topic, were compiled by Speck as well as by some his students, particularly those who participated in a field research group between 1939 and 1942, such as Mary Rowell Carse, Edmund Carpenter, Royal Hassrick, John "Jack" Kremens, Maurice A. Mook, Robert Solenberger, and Theodore Stern. Of particular interest might be a folder of 1941-1946 correspondence (42 letters) and copies of various documents relating to the efforts of Speck, James R. Coates, and others to overcome the practice of Virginia draft boards to classify indigenous peoples as "Negroes" for Selective Service. Other materials include a folder on Chickahominy efforts to gain recognition, including chartering the tribe as an incorporation; two of Speck's field notebooks on the Pamunkey, Mattaponi, Rappahannock, Cherokee, and Chickahominy; Speck's reading notes on topics like gourds and the bow and arrow in early contact days; a description of "Pamunkey Town" in 1759, based on Andrew Burnaby, Travels (1760); a 1940 newspaper article titled "Virginia Indians Past and Present"; notes on Virginia Indian populations in 1668, based on figures obtained from a regulation requiring certain numbers of wolves be killed by various Indian groups; Charles Edgar Gilliam's "Historical sketch of Appomatoc Indians, 1607-1723"; and Gilliam on Powhatan Algonquian birds, etc., in colonial times. Other folders are devoted to topics such as Pamunkey hunting and fishing, Pamunkey games and amusements, Pamunkey celestial and meteorological phenomena, Pamunkey contemporary technology, Pamunkey emergency foods, Pamunkey fish, amphibians, shellfish, and reptiles, Pamunkey reptiles, Pamunkey animals, Pamunkey birds, Pamunkey mensuration, Pamunkey miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Pamunkey social organization, Pamunkey pottery, Pamunkey plants and agriculture, Pamunkey foods, Pamunkey medicines and poisons, Pamunkey folklore and language, Rappahannock field notes, Rappahannock contemporary technology, Rappahanock taking devices, Rappahannock miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Mattaponi miscellaneous notes and correspondence, Chickahominy miscellaneous notes and correspondence, field notes on Western Chickahominy, Nansemond miscellaneous notes and correspondence, and miscellaneous notes and correspondence on Virgina Indians.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)