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Culture:
Date:1781-1819 and undated
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823 | Green, Daniel (Mohawk) | Killbuck, John (William Henry) | Beaver, Mr. | Zeisberger, David, 1721-1808 | Miller, Samuel | Hopocan, approximately 1725-1794 (Captain Pipe)
Subject:Government relations | Linguistics | Missions | Social life and customs | Pennsylvania--History | Moravians
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Notes | Essays
Extent:16 items
Description: These items includes notes, letters, and essays on the history, manners, and languages of Native peoples, particularly the Lenape ("Delaware"), sent by Heckewelder to the Committee and to members of the American Philosophical Society. Contains answers to queries, historical material (such as the arrival of Europeans; relations between the Delawares and Haudenosaunee), Indian speeches, replies to letters of Peter S. Du Ponceau, references to Swedish-Lenape translations, Indian writing, translations of English into Indian languages. Mentions Delaware individuals, both named and unnamed.
Collection:Communications to the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, 1816-1821 (Mss.970.1.H35c)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Mohican includes: Mahican, Muhhekunneuw
Mandan includes: Nueta
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Date:1816-1822
Contributor:Heckewelder, John Gottlieb Ernestus, 1743-1823
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Social life and customs | Missions | Government relations | Religion | Place names | Personal names
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:0.5 linear feet, circa 115 items
Description: Letters from Moravian missionary, historian, and linguist John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder, mostly to Peter Stephen du Ponceau with one to Caspar Wistar. Some of the replies from Du Ponceau are copied in the letter books of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder most frequently wrote of the publications he was working on or revising, particularly his Account of the Indian nations (1819), Narrative (1820), Heckewelder (1821), a Mohican (Mohegan) vocabulary, remarks on a Swedish-Delaware vocabulary, etc., some of which were to be published or republished by the American Philosophical Society. Many letters thus revolve around the research, writing, and publishing processes, including Heckewelder's responses to du Ponceau's edits and suggestions; his own edits, additions, lists of errors, etc.; his concern that errors by the typesetter could bring criticism on linguistic portions; new information and discoveries, such as the finding of a Maqua (Haudenosaunee) manuscript in the Moravian Archives; negative reviews and criticisms of his work, like an objectionable review in the North American Review (1819), a review in the Westchester Village Record disputing the role of Delaware as women, and William Darby's disagreement about Heckewelder's account of the killing of Native people by Williamson and his men; more positive responses to his work, like an honorary membership in the Massachusetts Peace Society for his Account (1819); translation of his work into German and other languages; and his insistence that the American Philosophical Society imprimatur appear on the title page, because as a Moravian he could not publish anything on his own relating to the Society of the United Brethren. Heckewelder repeatedly touched on Native languages and matters of linguistics: among other things, he referred to the Native vocabularies he himself had collected; a Swedish-Delaware catechism and dispute over "r" or "l" sound; difficulties in hearing Indian languages properly; difficulties in writing Native American languages; comparisons between his own findings and linguistic materials and scholarship published by others (of whom he was often critical); several examples of Delaware or Lenape words, roots, paradigms, gender, usage, etc.; and comparions of Delaware to other Native languages like Ojibwe, Shawnee, Natick, and Narragansett. Heckewelder's letters reveal him to be well-read and immersed in a network of similarly-minded scholars trading information and forwarding books and articles. Specific works by others mentioned include the Steiner article in Columbian Magazine (September 1789); a Pickering-Du Ponceau Dencke's version of St. John's Epistles in Delaware; Zeisberger's Bible translation and Life of Christ; Poulson's paper relating Welsh to Powhatan (which Heckewelder deems incorrect on the basis that Powhatan was Delaware); Pickering's essay on a uniform Orthography and spelling; Eliot's Bible translation; a paper by Zeisberger on Delaware being made men again (#865) and Zeisberger's replies (#341) to 23 queries of Barton (#1636); Loskiel's history (Heckewelder notes general verification in Loskiel for specific incidents and believes that the absence of certain incidents in Loskiel's history is the result of missionary discretion); works by Barton (he criticizes Barton for seeking speedy answers to questions of Indian origins, and for thinking Delaware and Iroquois related); and various publications of the Historical and Literary Committee. Heckewelder also wrote about "Indian affairs" such as the Jefferson-Cresap dispute (over Logan speech and affair); Benton's resolution concerning the Christian Indians and Moravian land; the speech of a Delaware at Detroit, 1781; and Heckewelder's role in the Washington City Society for Civilizing the Indians. Ethnographic topics include Native American names, place names, childbirth, swimming, friendship, treatment of captives, derivation of "papoose," names of trees and rivers, and various anecdotes. Other individuals mentioned include Rev. Schulz, Butrick, Colonel Arent Schyler De Peyster, Captain Pipe, Vater, Hesse, Gambold, John Vaughan, Charles Thomson, Thomas Jefferson, Deborah Norris Logan, Mitchill, Daniel Drake, Abraham Steiner, Noah Webster du Ponceau's brother, etc. Heckewelder's letter to Wistar regarding the Naked Bear traditions was printed (except last paragraph) in the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society 1: 363.
Collection:John Gottlieb Ernestus Heckewelder letters, 1816-1822, to Peter Stephen Du Ponceau (Mss.497.3.H35o)
Culture:
Inuit includes: Inuk, Eskimo (pej.), ᐃᓄᐃᑦ
Language:English | German | Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian
Date:1883-1884
Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Comer, George | Weike, Wilhelm, 1859-1917
Subject:Linguistics | Nunavut--History | Place names | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Diaries | Drawings | Maps | Notebooks | Photographs | Sketchbooks | Sketches
Extent:1 linear foot
Description: The Inuit materials in the Franz Boas Professional Papers consist of approximately 11 folders, 3 diaries, 2 sketchbooks, and numerous maps and illustrations. Most of this material surrounds Boas' first fieldwork trip of his career to Baffin Island ("Baffinland") in 1883-1884. Under "Boas, Franz," most of this materials are labelled under "Arctic Expedition" or "Baffinland." These include Boas' diaries and sketchbooks, as well as typed translations of them. See also materials listed under "Weike, Wilhelm" for the diary of Boas' assistant during the expedition. The correspondence file for "Comer, George" contains additional information, as may other correspondence files.
Collection:Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers (Mss.B.B61p)
Culture:
Zulu includes: AmaZulu
Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw
Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish
K'ómoks includes: Comox
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk
Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo
Heiltsuk includes: Bella Bella, Haíɫzaqv
Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino
Date:1893-1951
Contributor:Homiskanis, Lucy | Francine, Tsukwani | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Hunt, George | Averkieva, Julia | Bryan, Ruth | Leechman, J. D. (John Douglas), 1890- | Smith, Marian W. (Marian Wesley), 1907-1961 | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922 | Yampolsky, Helene
Subject:Architecture | British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Fishing | Food | Games | Human remains | Hunting | Kinship | Linguistics | Marriage customs and rites | Material culture | Medicine | Museum objects | Music | Orthography and spelling | Personal names | Place names | Religion | Rites and ceremonies | Skulls | Social life and customs
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Autobiographies | Correspondence | Field notes | Dictionaries | Genealogies | Grammars | Maps | Musical scores | Notebooks | Photographs | Songs | Speeches | Transcripts | Vocabularies
Extent:Approx. 10,000 loose pages, 10 notebooks, 7000+ cards, 10+ maps
Description: The Kwakwaka'wakw materials in the ACLS collection are located predominantly in the "Kwakiutl" section of the finding aid, which contains a full listing of all materials (other relevant sections are "Northwest Coast", "Bella Bella (Heitsuk)", and item AfBnd.4 in "Non-American and non-linguistic material"). Some of the larger individual sets of materials listed within this section also have their own specific tables of contents (available upon request) detailing their often highly diverse contents. Overall, the vast majority of the material is made of of 1) manuscripts sent to Boas by George Hunt from the 1890s to the 1930s, frequently in both Kwak'wala and English, covering a very broad range of Kwakwaka'wakw history, culture, languages, customs, and traditions; and 2) field work materials recorded by Boas and Boas' own analyses of material sent by Hunt, covering a similar range of topics. Additional materials by other individuals focus especially on linguistic and ethnographic matters. Also see the guide entry "Kwakiutl materials, Franz Boas Papers" for information on the correspondence between Boas and Hunt, which gives additional context to the materials in the ACLS collection.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Namgis includes: Nimkish, Nimpkish
Nak'waxda'xw includes: Nakoaktok, Nakwoktak, Nakwaxda'xw
K'ómoks includes: Comox
Kwakwaka'wakw includes: Kwakiutl
Dzawada'enuxw includes: Tsawataineuk
Gusgimukw includes: Koskimo
Gwatsinuxw includes: Quatsino
Date:1885-1942
Contributor:Averkieva, Julia | Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Bunzel, Ruth Leah, 1898-1990 | Cadwallader, W. J. | Cadwallader, H. T., Mrs. | Cadwallader, Jane | Cranmer, Dan | Dawson, George Mercer, 1849-1901 | Fairbairn, Archibald Macdonald Duff, 1888-1979 | Fillmore, John Comfort, 1843-1898 | Fletcher, Alice C. (Alice Cunningham), 1838-1923 | Goode, G. Brown (George Brown), 1851-1896 | Hall, Alfred I. | Halliday, W. H. | Hunt, George | Mason, Otis T., 1838-1908 | McGee, William J. | Nowell, Charles James, 1870-1956 | Parsons, Elsie Worthington Clews, 1874-1941 | Seler, Eduard, 1849-1922 | Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975 | Sutton, William J. | Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958 | Teit, James Alexander, 1864-1922 | Tylor, Edward B. (Edward Burnett), 1832-1917 | Vowell, A. T.
Subject:Archaeology | British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Fishing | Hunting | Linguistics | Kinship | Museums | Music | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:1 linear foot
Description: This collection contains the bulk of correspondence between Franz Boas and his professional colleagues, though there are also other Boas collections in the library. The correspondents listed above contain some correspondence related to the culture or language listed in this entry. The largest correspondence is that of George Hunt, which took place from 1894-1933 and runs around 1000 pages. A full index for this correspondence is available upon request, and includes cross references to the locations (in other APS collections) of fieldwork and other materials referred to in the letters. Other correspondences primarily about Kwakwaka'wakw matters are that of the Cadwalladers, Dan Cranmer, John Fillmore (concerning the transcription of Boas' cylinder recordings of Kwakiutl songs), Alfred I. Hall, and C. J. Nowell. In the finding aid listings for some of these correspondents, the individual letters pertaining to this culture or language will be identified by a subject heading, though for some correspondents this indexing has not yet been completed. Some letters may contain only brief mentions of work being conducted in relation to the topic. Some additional correspondences in this collection that have not yet been indexed may also contain additional material.
Collection:Franz Boas Papers (Mss.B.B61)
Culture:
Date:1893-1895, 1906-1909, 1915, 1920-1940, 1974
Contributor:Barbeau, Marius, 1883-1969 | Beynon, William, 1888-1958 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Sapir, Edward, 1884-1939 | Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975 | Susman, Amelia, 1915- | Tate, Henry W.
Subject:British Columbia--History | Ethnography | Linguistics | Kinship | Music | Social life and customs
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notebooks | Musical scores | Stories | Vocabularies | Vocabularies
Extent:Approx. 1,000 slips 5 notebooks, 1500+ loose pages
Description: The Tsimshian materials in the ACLS collection consist of numerous items concentrated in the "Tsimshian" section of the finding aid. Noteworthy materials include texts, vocabularies, and notes on music recorded by Boas in the 1890s, along with an English-Tsimshian dictionary file. There is a large body of material recorded by William Beynon, including Vocabularies, notes on kinship, and a large body of stories (primarily in English) pertaining to primarily to Tsimshian history. (A full table of contents of these texts is available.) Also of note are Henry Tate's are texts sent to Boas by Henry Tate with interlinear texts, vocabularies, and grammatical analyses by Amelia Susman from the late 1930s; an extensive lexicon file by an unidentified compiler (may be Susman); and essays on social organization and linguistics by Barbeau and Beynon. A set of cards, long identified as "Kwakiutl social organization," have been identified as "Tsimshian names file" now at the end of the Tsimshian section. This was likely compiled by William Beynon, and contains a few Gitxsan, Nisga'a, and Haisla ("Kitimat") names, and some with notes on kinship of "Tahltan Stickine origin". Some additional materials comparing Tsimshian and Nisga'a can be found in the "Nass" section of the finding aid (at least items Pn5.1 and Pn5b.1).
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)