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Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:1835-1838
Contributor:Houghton, Douglass, 1809-1845 | Wheaton, W. | Pitcher, Zina, 1797-1872 | Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe, 1793-1864
Subject:Grave robbing | Human remains | Phrenology | Skulls | Treaties | Michigan--History | Anthropometry
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:4 items
Description: Letters discussing grave robbing of Indigenous ancestors' remains and observations of contemporary Native people. Houghton has been among Winnebago, Sacs, Foxes, and Sioux; can get Pottawatomi, Winnebago, and Chippewa skulls, but to get to know personages may take longer; Pitcher is sending sketch to go with a skull. Dr. Wheaton, evidently an army surgeon, spent 1822-1827 at Sault Ste. Marie, then at Mackinaw and Green Bay; consumption infrequent among soldiers, French residents, and Indians, which he attributes to the dry cold climate there; recommends such as treatment for sufferers. Pitcher resigned his Army job for private practice and to assist in forming the medical department of the new University of Michigan. He will send Chippewa skulls to help Morton "build up something like an American Golgotha." Schoolcraft advises Morton to come to Mackinac for treaty payments, where he can see Indians, and suggests a route he can take west to see more Indians. Mentions Chippewa, Menominee, Winnebagos, Stockbridge (Mohegan), Brothertowns, Oneidas, Sioux, Iowa, Sac and Fox Indians.
Collection:Samuel George Morton Papers (Mss.B.M843)
Culture:
Language:English | Omaha-Ponca
Date:1935 and undated
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography | Linguistics | Art | Material culture | Specimens | Warfare | Music
Type:Text
Genre:Notes | Correspondence | Stories | Vocabularies
Extent:2 folders
Description: Materials relating to Speck's study of Omaha language, history, and culture. One folder contains 11 pages of miscellaneous notes including 1 page of Sioux [Dakota] or Omaha words, 3 pages of Omaha lexical items, Sioux song text, 4 pages of Omaha text and paradigms, vocabulary, ethnological notes, and 3 pages of Omaha verb conjugations. The second folder contains five pages of material relating to a Plains Indian shield, including one card of bibliographic notes, a letter from Chicago dealer Albert G. Heath to Speck concerning a Pawnee shield sent as specimen, and a letter from F. T. Thunder to Speck concerning an Omaha shield he is making.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Tuscarora includes: Ska:rù:rę'
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
San Felipe includes: Katishtya, Keres
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Otomi includes: Hñahñu, Ñuhu, Ñhato, Ñuhmu
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Language:English
Date:1801-1843
Subject:Linguistics | Philology
Type:Text
Genre:Microfilms | Correspondence
Extent:33 items
Description: Correspondence, largely from Peter S. du Ponceau to Albert Gallatin, regarding legal and political matters, Indian languages and linguistics, philological matters, and the American Philosophical Society. Specific topics include exchanges of publications and manuscripts between the two men; the creation of a map of Indian languages; the government's collecting of Indian vocabularies and du Ponceau's refusal to supply Historical and Literary Committee material to the government, believing that the committee rather than the government should undertake the collection and publication of Indian materials; methods of seeking data on languages, and the difficulties of sentence for testing problems of comparative Vocabularies;s both already published and in progess, such as Eliot's Grammar, Barton (1797), Pickering (1820), Hodgson on the Berber, Najera (1837), Zeisberger (1830), Gallatin (1836), Prichard (1813), several of du Ponceau's works, etc.; du Ponceau's acceptance of copies of Gallatin's Synopsis, with a jab at its Worcester (rather than APS) the fate of the manuscript for du Ponceau's prize essay: the printer bankrupt, difficulties in getting manuscript returned, and du Ponceau has no full copy; of du Ponceau's study of Chinese;s and the Transactions of the Historical and Literary Committee; du Ponceau's acceptance of vocabularies on behalf of the the state of European linguistics; Pickering's alphabet for Indian languages; Carib women's vs. men's the opposition founding of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and du Ponceau's efforts to make peace by submitting his translation of Vater's Enquiry for them to publish; illnesses and deaths in du Ponceau's family; and du Ponceau's age, health, and failing eyesight. Other individuals mentioned include Franklin, Rush, Rittenhouse, Jefferson, Cass, Schoolcraft, Long, Ebeling, Adelung, Klaproth, Balbi, Humboldt, Volney, and Heckewelder. Originals at the New York Historical Society.
Collection:Peter Stephen Du Ponceau letters, 1801-1843, to Albert Gallatin (Mss.Film.541)
Culture:
Walla Walla includes: Waluulapam, Natítayt
Wishram includes: Wasco-Wishram
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Sahaptin includes: Shahaptin
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Osage includes: 𐓁𐒻 𐓂𐒼𐒰𐓇𐒼𐒰͘
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Mandan includes: Nueta
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu
Hidatsa includes: Hiratsa, Hiraacá, Gros Ventre, Minnetaree
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Language:English
Date:1804-1806
Contributor:Lewis, Meriwether, 1774-1809 | Clark, William, 1770-1838 | Vaughn, John, 1756-1841 | Mackay, James, 1761-1822 | Hay, John | Evans, John
Subject:Expeditions | Place names | Geography | Botany | Tobacco | Trade | Agriculture | Population | Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
Type:Text
Genre:Journals | Notes | Correspondence
Extent:6 red morocco book; 80 pages; 3 notebooks; 1 volume;
Description: The Plains materials in the Lewis and Clark journals includes observations on the Arikaras, Assiniboines, Blackfoot, Mandan, Minnetaree, Shoshoni, Blackfoot, Flathead-Tushepaw, Dakota Sioux, Mandan, and Minnetaree, Otos, Sauks, Iowa, Kansas, Kickapoo, Missouri, Omaha, Osage, Pawnees, Ponca, Sioux, Cheyenne (Arapaho), Arikara, Blackfoot, Crow, Kansas, Kiowa, Sioux, Yankton, Memacarjo, Teton, Waupatone, Cascarba, Sisseton, Waupacootar, Hoindeborto, Tecarton, Newastarton, Micacuopsiba, and Siouan, Minnetaree (Gros Ventre), Shoshoni, Assiniboine, Teton Sioux, Mandan, Hidatsa, Showhoni, Arikara, Castahan, Crow, Flathead (Tushepaw), Ootlashoot. The correspondence includes Two letters of Lewis to Jefferson at conclusion of expedition. Replies to questions 6, 7, and 8 concerning Place names and measurement of time and distance; Indian songs. Probably an enclosure in Clark to Biddle, December 7, 1810, printed in Jackson (1962m): 562-564. For Biddle queries see Jackson (1962): 550-554. Mentions Snake, Shoshoni, Castahana, Nemison, Crow or Arpsarrozah, Maw or Pashapalorah. Refers to Indians of Missouri River only: Kanzes, Oto, Missouri, Ponca, Panias (Loups, Republicans), Mahars, Ricares, Mandan, Minetares, Maharha, Ayhawies, Saukes and Reynards, Assiniboine, Christinoes, Cheyenne, Cannarwesh. Mentions Snake Indians. 24 tribes are listed with population, trade, language, and character information included in parallel columns: Osage, Kansas, Otto, Panias, Mahas, Poncaro, Ricaras, Mandans, Ahwahhawa, Minnetaree, Iowa, Saukie; Sioux (Wahparton, Mindawarcarton, Wahpacta, Sissatoni, Yankton, Yankton ah nah, Teton, Teton O Kandandas, Teton Minzarkine, Teton sah one.) Indian tribes mentioned: Cataka, Castahana, Anauawa, Mahar, Sharah-Cheyenne, Ricares, Panias (Loups, Republicans), Padoucas, Cayauwas, Wetapato, Cannavich, Stateton. Mentions Arikara, Gros Ventres, Mandan, Marhaha, Minnetaree, Sioux, and Teton in diary.Arikara (Beuffles de Medecine lodge), Aunahhow or Aunerhoo, Nootarwau, Toowarsar, Tohpahcass, Weheskeu, Wetersoon, (Hidatsa), Arapaho, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Crow, Fox, Paduca, Pawnee, Sioux (Sisseton, Teton), Mandan, Minnetaree (Gros Ventre), Shoshoni. Includes list of nations who trade with Arikaras: Aunerhoo, Nootarwau, Toowarsar, Tohpahcass, Weheeskeu-chien, Kunnanarwesh (Arapaho), Tochewahcoo (Fox), Cattarkah (Paducar), Kiewah, Sharhachien. Discusses Arikara, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kansas, Kickapoo, Mandan, Minnetaree, Omaha, Osage, Dakota, and Teton and Yankton Sioux. Includes list of Crow bands: Shiptahcha, Apsharookee (Absaroka). Also Ecupscuppeah (Tushepaw band) together with locations. Draft list of Western Indians and their locations in Summary of Rivers (Codex N:128-142): Chillatehokle, Potoash, Queets (Quaitson), Pailish, Chiltz, Clamoitomicks, Quinechart, Kilamox. Tribes noted: Ahaharopinopah (Crow band), Alabama, Atacapa, Biloxi, Blood, Cadoquies, Cahokia, Castapanas, Cataka (Haka, Catteka), Cattanahaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, Choketartowomb, Conchates, Creek, Dotames (Dotama, a Paduca group), Ehartsar (Crow band), Esahatenketarpar (Teton Sioux), Hahahartone (Yankton Sioux), Honetaparteen (Yankton, also Honetaparteenwas), Kaskaskia, Keenkesah (Mindawarcarton Sioux), Lalplay (group of Alitan-Snake), Mahtahton (Sioux), Manetopar (Assiniboine-Band lar Gru), Menesharne (Teton Sioux), Miahkeejocksah (Wahpocoota Sioux), Nacota Mahtopanarto (Assiniboine) and Nacota Oseegah, Natchez (Chitemacha), Nemousin (see also Kiowa, Staeton), Noota (Crow band), Otaharton (Wahpatone Sioux), Ozash (Teton Sioux), Pareescar (Crow), Peoria Sahonehontaparpar (Teton Sioux), Sahown (Teton Sioux), Sheo (Teton Sioux), Sosobubar and Sosona (Shoshoni tribe), Tackchandessechar (Sioux-Teton), Tarcoimboto (Yankton Sioux), Tarcoehparh (Teton), Tintahton (Mindawarcarton Sioux), Touincas, Wauneewackataonelar (Teton), Warchinktarhe (Teton), Wetapahatoes and Kiowa (branch of Padouca?), Zaartar (Yankton).Ethnographic materials include a list of natural history specimens sent on November 16, 1805, to the American Philosophical Society by Captain Lewis. 2 pages, copy of Lewis to Jefferson, March 5, 1805, Fort Mandan. Answers written at Fort Mandan to queries concerning Indian land ownership, trade, cultivation, mode of life, mode of taking game, mode of warfare, origins, burial customs, houses, superstitions, modes of punishment, trade, treatment of whites. Data arranged in tabular form with diary observations arranged in one column, 28 pages. Ledger entries comment on plants, giving Kickapoo and Chippewa plant names; 10 pages dated 1800. Ancient fortification on BonHomme Island, the original draft of which is to be found on reverse of Clark's estimate of the western Indians. Mentions Salteaux, Sioux, Mandan, Assiniboine, Oto, Maha, Ponca, Shivitans, Crows, Caneenawees, Shayehn. Printed, Quaife (1916a). See also Jackson (1962): 155-156 for further data. A list of the names of the different nations and tribes of Indians...expressive of the names, languages, numbers, trade, water courses. A large chart listing 72 tribes with parallel columns giving various data. On reverse side only tribes 1-52 are considered, as remainder are Louisiana tribes rather than Missouri and Rocky Mountain Indians. A draft of the "Statistical Estimate..." printed as part of Thomas Jefferson, Message of the President...(February 17, 1806): 9-47. Geographic materials include An account of location of tributaries of the Missouri above Fort Mandan prepared in 1805. This draft appears to antedate the fuller statement in Codex O: 117-128, and supplements the "Summary Statement of the Rivers and Creeks." A lengthy description and list of distances of tributaries of the Missouri from St. Charles to Fort Mandan; an earlier version of the formal statement in Codex O: 69-116 by Lewis. Early draft of Summary Statement of Rivers..."A Summary View of the Rivers and Creeks," pages 69-128; mentions old villages of Missouri and Kansas; recommends trading posts for Oto, Missouri, Poncaras, Panies (Proper, Republican, and Loups), Mahas, Yankton Ahnahs. Mentions Yankton, Sisseton, and Teton Sioux as well as Minnetarees, Mandans, and Ahwahharwas. Pages 116-128 based on Indian information; mentions Flatheads. Probably composed at Fort Mandan, 1804-1805. A translation extracted from journal of James MacKay describing trade route through Lake Superior to the Grand Portage; recording stay with Mandans, Manitouris, and Wattassons in 1797. Includes extract of journal of John Evans, 1796, who visited the Arikaras. Notes by John Hay and his "Description of the route from Mackinac to the Grand Portage," etc., taken by him in 1794.
Collection:Lewis and Clark Journals (Mss.917.3.L58)
Culture:
Yakama includes: Yakima
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Mandan includes: Nueta
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza
Kathlamet includes: Cathlamet
Hidatsa includes: Hiratsa, Hiraacá, Gros Ventre, Minnetaree
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Clackamas includes: Klackamas
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Language:English
Date:1804-1806
Contributor:Ordway, John, approximately 1775
Type:Text
Genre:Journals
Extent:3 volumes
Description: Original manuscript journal of Sergeant John Ordway of the Lewis and Clark expedition. Ordway's journals note wildlife, daily happenings on the expedition, and interactions with Native peoples. Mentions: Amahami (Wattasson, Weta Sioux), Arikara, Assiniboine, Blackfoot (Grousevauntares, Manetaws, Minetaree), Bois Brule Sioux, Callapooya (Callapnowah), Cathlahpotle, Cathlamet, Cheyenne (Chien, Sharha), Clackamas, Chopunnish (Nez Perce), Crow, Flathead (Tushepaw), Kansa, Klikitat, Mandan, Minetaree (Grosventres, Big Belly), Missouri, Omaha (Maha, Nemaha), Oto, Pahmap, Pawnee, Pelollpellow (Nez Perce), Ponca, Pisquow (Paqute-pee), Shoshoni, Sioux, Skilloot, Teton, Wahkiakum, Wahoppum, Wallawalla, Watlala (Waclalah), Yankton Sioux.
Collection:John Ordway journal, 1804-1806 (Mss.917.3.Or2)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1807
Contributor:Clark, William, 1770-1838 | Sibley, John, 1757-1837
Subject:Indian agents | New Spain | Fur trade
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:2 items
Description: Two letters, both copies. John Sibley wrote to Samuel H. Sibley of Indians under his agency, the Burr and Wilkinson affair, and Pike's expedition. Hopes Spanish affair will be settled soon. In an enclosure, William Clark wrote to Henry Dearborn (Secretary of War) of Indian agency affairs: mentions Mandan, Osage, Padoucers, Panias, Saukee, and especially the Sioux. Talks of new fur trading companies and makes recommendations for conduct of Indian affairs.
Collection:Zebulon Montgomery Pike biographical materials (Mss.B.P63)
Culture:
Walla Walla includes: Waluulapam, Natítayt
Wishram includes: Wasco-Wishram
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Mandan includes: Nueta
Hidatsa includes: Hiratsa, Hiraacá, Gros Ventre, Minnetaree
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Language:English
Date:1805-1806
Contributor:Lewis, Meriwether, 1774-1809 | Clark, William, 1770-1838
Type:Text
Genre:Journals
Extent:4 books
Description: The Plateau materials in the Lewis and Clark journals include discussions of the following tribes: Blackfoot; Salis; Dakota; Walla Walla; Nez Perce, Mandan; Shoshone; Hidatsa; Arikara; Crow; Chinook; Wishram; Assiniboine; Shahaptian. Also listed are tribes with names no longer in use: Shalee (Ootlashoot), Shallalah, Skitswish, Willetpos, Castahana, Tushepaw, Quamash, Cathlamet, Cathlapotle, Chiluckittequaw, Cathlamet, Cathlapotle, Chiluckittequaw, Clatsop, Enesher, Friendly Village, Multnomah (Wappato), Quamash, Shahaptian, Skilloot, Sokulk, Wahkiakum, Chopunnish, Sokulk, Chimnapum, Willetpos, Chalee, Sheetsomish, and Chopunnish.
Collection:Lewis and Clark Journals (Mss.917.3.L58)
Language:English
Date:1837-1840
Contributor:Rodgers, J. Kearny (John Kearny), 1793-1851 | Couthouy, Joseph Pitty, 1808-1864 | Wood, S. | Combe, George, 1788-1858 | Cooper, William, 1798?-1864 | Vargas, José María, 1786-1854 | Pentland, Joseph Barclay, 1797-1873
Subject:Grave robbing | Human remains | Skulls | Phrenology | Anthropometry | Peru--History | Anthropometry
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes
Extent:10 items
Description: Correspondence regarding Morton's efforts to rob graves and collect Indigenous ancestors' remains from Peru and elsewhere. Topics include skulls, mummies, and artifacts from Peru; analysis of skull shapes and features; Morton's Crania Americana (1839), particularly Combe's thoughts on his review copy of the manuscript and an anti-phrenological review published by Dr. Forbes; the Phrenological Society and New York Lyceum as sources of skulls to examine.
Collection:Samuel George Morton Papers (Mss.B.M843)
Culture:
Language:Atakapa | Biloxi | Catawba | Dakota | English | Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai | Maidu (macrolanguage) | Tunica | Tutelo | Yuchi
Date:circa 1970-1977
Contributor:Crawford, James M. (James Mack), 1925-1989
Subject:Linguistics | California--History | Arizona--History | Hokan languages | Siouan languages
Type:Text
Extent:5 folders
Description: Materials relating to James Crawford's interest in and study of Siouan languages. Items include 2 folders on "Hokan and Siouan Words for Mouth" [1970-1971] in Series III-D. Works by Crawford--Other. Folder 1 contains a brief handwritten explanation of the research project, which revolved around the phonological sequence "ya" in words pertaining to the mouth; over 100 sheets of paper titled "Mouth," each containing linguistic examples for a different lists of languages considered, some with examples; a chart of Crawford's data, organized by language and with words (when available) for "mouth," "swallow," "be hungry," "chin," and "throat, neck"; and miscellaneous notes. Folder 2 contains a first draft of the article, with endnotes and bibliography, dated to March 1970, and several subsequent drafts, including a clean copy. Draft pages are numbered but some appear to be out of order. Crawford culled examples from many languages outside of the Hokan and Siouan language families. See also related material in "The Phonological Sequence 'ya' in Words Pertaining to the Mouth in Southeastern and Other Indian Languages" [1975] in the same series. In Series IV-B. Research Notes & Notebooks--Yuchi there are two Siouan-related folders, "Possible Cognates to Yuchi in Siouan, Atakapa, Yava, Maider, etc.," which contains 9 full sheets and 2 slips of handwritten notes comparing Yuchi, Biloxi, Ofo, Catawba, Atakapa, Maidu, Yava, Wocco, Tutelo, etc., and "Some Possible Cognates Between Yuchi and Siouan and Between Yuchi and Tunica," containing a typed three-page chart comparing Yuchi, Dakota, and Biloxi (also with some Catawba examples). Finally, there is a folder of drafts, page proofs, and a tear sheet of James M. Crawford's joint review in "American Anthropologist" of "The Caddoan, Iroquoian, and Siouan Languages" by Wallace L. Chafe; "A Grammar of Biloxi" by Paula Ferris Einaudi; "A Grammar of Pawnee" by Douglas R. Parks; and "Wichita Grammar" by David S. Rood. Located in Series III-D. Works by Crawford--Other.
Collection:James M. Crawford Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.66)
Culture:
Stoney includes: Nakoda
Oceti Sakowin includes: Očhéthi Šakówiŋ, Sioux
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Language:Dakota | English | Lakota | Stoney | Assiniboine
Date:1968
Contributor:Eashappie, Albert | Good Bear, Henry | Joshua, Florence | Harbeck, Warren A. | House, Jacob | Pratt, Donald
Subject:Linguistics | Saskatchewan--History | Alberta--History | Manitoba--History | South Dakota--History | North Dakota--History
Type:Sound recording
Genre:Stories | Autobiographies
Extent:1 sound tape reel (12 min.) : DIGITIZED
Description: Five short texts recorded to conducted a mutual intelligibility study of Siouan languages. The speakers of the stories are from Eagle Butte, South Dakota; Sintaluta, Saskatchewan; Fort Totten, North Dakota; Griswold, Manitoba; and Rocky Mountain House, Alberta. This recording is the basis for Harbeck's report, "A Study in Mutual Intelligibility and Linguistic Separation Among Five Siouan Languages" (37 pages) (Mss.497.3.Am4). (NOTE: This material has been digitized and can be accessed online for free by users not physically at the APS Library through a login and password. Please see our Audio Access Page for information on how to request these materials.)
Collection:Siouan texts: mutual intelligibility survey (Mss.Rec.71)