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Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Omushkego includes: Cree, Swampy, Mushkegowuk, Omushkigowack
Nipissing includes: Nbisiing
Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie
Ktunaxa includes: Kootenai, Kootenay, Kutenai, Tonaxa
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Chibcha includes: Muysca, Muisca
Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Date:1912-1941 and undated
Contributor:Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Bailey, Alfred Goldsworthy | Weitzner, Bella
Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Zoology | Divination | Population | Ethnography | Folklore | Basketry | Birch bark | Hunting | Archaeology | Ontario--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Field notes | Abstracts | Sketches | Notebooks | Photographs | Stories
Extent:7 items
Description: Materials relating to both Algonquin and related Algonquian peoples, cultures, and languages. Includes Speck's notes on artifacts found near Lake Abitibi and in the Nipissing district; his Seven Islands field notes, including texts with interlinear translations, house data, names of animals, and a letter in French from Marie Louise Ambroise; sketches and comments on shoulder blade divination (scapulimancy), including notes on deer drives (including an undated note from A. Irving Hallowell) and the distribution of artifacts among Algonquin, Naskapi, and Mistissini peoples; two field notebooks containing (1) linguistic notes and informant and population data for Waswanipi, Abitibi, Temiskaming [Timiskaming], Nipissing, Algonquian and (2) Temiskaming ethnography, Wisiledjak (Wiskyjack) [Wisakedjak, a manitou] text (in English), Temagami ethnology and texts (in English), and one Iroquois legend; general information on birch-bark containers, including 37 photographs and 40 pages of notes relating to Algonquin, Cree, Ojibwe and Ktunaxa specimens, and a letter from Bella Weitzner; and a letter from A. G. Bailey sending Speck a copy of his book on Algonquians.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Language:English
Date:1905-1910
Contributor:Jacobs, Norman Leonard, 1885-
Subject:Railroads | Fishing | Clothing and dress | Rites and ceremonies | Social life and customs | Architecture | British Columbia--History | Manitoba--History | Alberta--History | Saskatchewan--History | Ontario--History
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Photographs
Extent:1 linear foot
Description: Norman Leonard Jacobs was an engineer and surveyor with the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in Canada. The collection consists of his correspondence with Bessie Frank (later Anathan), an acquaintance from Pittsburgh. Jacobs wrote of daily life in Canadian cities like Winnipeg and Edmonton, interactions with First Nations, and daily hardships encountered in the field (extreme cold, snowblindness, and lack of food), but also spoke of his work with pride and enthusiasm. In addition to the letters, Jacobs wrote twenty-eight pages of a "Diary of a Tenderfoot." Also included in the collection are two photobooks and various loose photographs, which display various aspects of camp life, details of work sites and the Canadian landscape, and First Nations peoples. Some of the photographs are extremely faded. Native peoples mentioned include Ojibwe, Blackfoot, Cree, "Surteau" (likely Saulteaux),"Bloods" (Kainai), "Stonies" (Nakoda, or "Stoney"), as well as Native people at Tete Jaune Cache who are likely Simpcw. The images include family groups; men, women, and children fishing; men (some apparently hired by Jacobs or his company to act as guides and carriers in the field) working with an infant in a cradleboard; Ojibwe graves; tepees [tipis]; "Sioux" warriors; a sweat bath; horse races; individuals like Joe KaeKwitch, Chief Handorgan, Chief Wingard, Muskowken, etc. Most of these materials have been digitized and are available through the APS's Digital Library. Also see the finding aid for more background information on Jacobs and detailed itemized lists for both Series I. Correspondence and Series II. Graphic Materials.
Collection:Anathan-Jacobs Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Collection (Mss.SMs.Coll.13)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Mandan includes: Nueta
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Isleta includes: Tiwa
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Comanche includes: Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Apache, Western includes: Apache, San Carlos
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Apache includes: Inde
Language:English
Date:1939-1943
Contributor:Haskell Institute | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Giger, Leona E. | Rolland, Ann | Laulin, Reginald | Laulin, Gladys
Subject:Boarding schools | Cultural assimilation | Education | Hampton Institute | Haskell Institute
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Rosters | Correspondence | Photographs | Lantern slides
Extent:0.25 linear feet
Description: There are a few items in the Frank G. Speck Papers currently identified as relating to Indian boarding schools. In the collection guide, under Subcollection 1, Series 1, in Section XIII, "Miscellaneous," see item XIII(22H), "Haskell Institute Roster." This document lists Native students at the Haskell Institute boarding school in 1939-1940, giving name, age, address, and tribe. (The tribes of the students included are listed above at the top of this entry.) In Section IV, "Southeast," see item IV(15H3), "Yuchi miscellaneous notes," which contains a letter from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute), to Speck, April 6, 1941, as well as items under "C. Houma (Louisiana)" that relate to mission schools. In Subcollection I, Series II, Biographical Material, see letters (listed alphabetically by author) from Leona E. Giger and Ann Rolland, both students at Haskell in the early 1940s. Also see letter from "Redge" and Gladys Laulin regarding Chippewa boy returning home for dances. In Series III, Photographs, there is an undated photograph [#10-14(a)] from the Shingwauk Indian Residential School. See also school-related photos in folders "Creek #3," "Eskimo [Inuit] (Labrador) #4," "Houma #1," #2, #7, and #8, "Pamunkey #6," and "Penobscot: People #2." In Series IV, Lantern Slides, there are slides of Native and Black students at the Hampton Institute. More boarding school-related material may be identified in the collection with further research.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:1754-1757
Contributor:Armstrong, John, 1717-1795 | Sharpe, Horatio, 1718-1790 | Patten, John
Subject:United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Seven Years' War, 1756-1763 | Warfare | Indian captivities
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Statements | Reports
Extent:3 items
Description: Letters to Governors Denny and Morris regarding rumors about French and Indian movements; arrival of 400 French, 200 Conawagas [Kahnawakes, or Mohawks], and Ottoways [Odawas] ready to move; 1,100 French and 70 Arondacks at French Fort on Monongahela. Trader and former captive John Patten's statement that the French keep Native women and children in forts while the men are hunting, and offer fine camping grounds.
Collection:Indian and Military Affairs of Pennsylvania, 1737-1775 (Mss.974.8.P19)
Culture:
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu
Hawaiian includes: Kānaka Maoli, Hawaiʻi Maoli
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:circa 1942-1968
Contributor:Voegelin, C. F. (Charles Frederick), 1906-1986 | Croft, Kenneth | Elbert, Samuel H. (Samuel Hoyt), 1907-1997 | Chafe, Wallace L. | Hymes, Dell H. | Jake, Vernon E. | Kemnitzer, Luis S. (Luis Stowell), 1928-2006 | Kirk, Jerome | Swadesh, Morris, 1909-1967 | Pierce, Joe E. | Nettl, Bruno, 1930-
Subject:Linguistics | Anthropology | Ethnography | Folklore | Orthography and spelling
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Correspondence | Notes | Stories | Photographs | Maps | Drafts | Place names
Description: There are many items relating to Indigenous American languages in the C. F. Voegelin Papers. This entry is intended as a catch-all for materials that cover Indigenous American languages in general and might not show up in narrower searches. Researchers should also view the entries for specific languages and regions. For this more general category, there is relevant material in both Subcollection I and Subcollection II. In Subcollection I, there are 7 folders relating to Voegelin's intended publication "American Indian Language" in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries III-B: Works Authored by Voegelin [see also the associated material in Oversized]. Series V. Research Notes, Subseries V-C: Other contains one file on inscribed stones and the Dene syllabary system and another on the Summer Linguistic Institute (in which many Native North American languages are mentioned). There are also two images of a stone inscribed with what were supposed to be Potawatomi petroglyphs in Series VII. Photographs. Also in Series VII are several language maps (i.e., "Indian language groups in the state of Illinois" and "American Indian Languages"), in which Algonquian languages are particularly well-represented. In Subcollection II, there is relevant correspondence with Wallace Chafe (regarding a census of speakers of indigenous languages), Kenneth Croft (regarding the state of American language work in Mexico, the use of mechanical recording equipment, Cheyenne materials, etc.), Samuel H. Elbert (regarding place names in Hawaii, comparison with Oceania and North America), Dell Hymes (regarding Anthropological Lingustics), Vernon E. Jake (regarding proposed language speaker census, particularly how to discern whether children really know the language), Luis S. Kemnitzer (a thank-you note in which Voegelin revealingly acknowledges, "Although I once worked with the Dakota language, I know little of its culture."), Jerome Kirk (a thank you known in which Voegelin asserts, "I've never found any speaker among the twenty American Indian languages I've worked with who got them [directional terms] straight."), and Morris Swadesh (many languages). Also in Subcollection II, there is a file of notes on classification of North American languages in Series II. Research Notes, Subseries XI. General; some "Ungrouped Tales," two folders with stories about Pechiha (Kickapoo?) and Yellow Horse (Arapaho?) attributed to Joe Pierce and Bruno Nettl, respectively, and a folder on sources in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries II. American Indian Tales for Children; and drafts, linguistic notes and maps in Series III. Works by Voegelin, Subseries V. American Indian Languages.
Collection:C. F. Voegelin Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.68)
Culture:
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Mohawk includes: Kanienʼkehá꞉ka
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:1749-1759
Contributor:Hamilton, James, 1710-1783 | Montour, Andrew | Stobo, Robert, 1726-1770 | Weiser, Conrad, 1696-1760 | Claus, Daniel, 1727-1787 | Croghan, George, 1720?-1782 | Morris, Robert Hunter, approximately 1700-1764 | Great Britain. Board of Trade | Sharpe, Horatio, 1718-1790 | Post, Christian Frederick, 1710?-1785 | Shirley, William, 1694-1771
Subject:Pennsylvania--History | New York (State)--History | United States--History--French and Indian War, 1754-1763 | Seven Years' War, 1756-1763 | Diplomacy | Treaties | Warfare | Indian captivities | Land transfers | Land claims | Ohio--History
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Minutes | Journals | Reports
Extent:19 items
Description: Various items relating to Haudenosaunee-Pennsylvania relations, largely in the 1750s. Topics include need for colonial governments to renew the covenant chain; death of Tanaghrisson (Seneca, also called the Half King) suspected to be witchcraft; the diplomatic work of Scarroyady (Oneida, also called Monacatootha and the Half King), especially as a go-between between the Haudenosaunee and Pennsylvania; the Albany Plan of Union; a conference with Caughnawagas [Kahnawakes] and negotiations for the redemption of an Indian held prisoner by the Caughnawagas; drunken conduct of Andrew Montour; Conrad Weiser's dealings with the family of Shickellamy (Oneida); John Lidieus's purchase of Susquehanna lands from the Haudenosaunee for Connecticut; George Croghan's meeting at Logstown with Haudenosaunee and Shawnees; a document prepared for Governor Hamilton listing events, letters, resolutions, and behavior of Miamis and other Indians toward Haudenosaunee, Ohio lands, etc.; 1754 appointment of John Penn, Richard Peters, Benjamin Franklin as Commissioners of Pennsylvania to a list of Haudenosaunee people present at the 1758 Treaty of Easton; and Christian Frederick Post on Indian character.
Collection:Indian and Military Affairs of Pennsylvania, 1737-1775 (Mss.974.8.P19)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:circa 1949-1956
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015 | Kane, Michal Lowenfels | Rochmes, Louis
Subject:Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Anthropology | Treaties | Government relations
Type:Text
Genre:Legal documents | Notes | Essays | Outlines | Correspondence | Memoranda
Extent:16 folders; 1 box
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 17 items directly pertaining to the related Algonquian peoples known as the Illinois have been identified. Most of these materials are located in Series IX. Indian Claims, and relate to Wallace's work as a researcher and expert witness on behalf of Native American land claims. They include research note cards (located in Series III. Notecards), research notes and write-ups, copies and extracts of primary sources, court dockets, trial memoranda, tribal histories, and correspondence with historical societies and legal representives of the claimants. There are also materials relating specifically to the Peoria and Kaskaskia peoples of the Illinois, including dockets naming them as claimants, trial memoranda, and research notes. Note that much of Wallace's material on the Illinois also mentions the Miami, Iowa, Sac and Fox (Meskwaki), and other neighboring peoples, and that there is a great deal of overlap in these entries. See also the Louis Rochmes file in Series I. Correspondence. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:1903-1907
Contributor:Jones, William, 1871-1909 | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942
Subject:Anthropology | Ethnography
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence
Extent:33 items
Description: The Meskwaki materials in the Franz Boas Papers that have been identified consist of correspondence with William Jones, a Meskwaki student of Franz Boas. These letters concern field work, preparation of manuscripts, and publication of his Fox texts, as well as Ojibwe materials. Additional materials relating to the Meskwaki may exist in other correspondents' letters in this collection, but are not currently identified.
Collection:Franz Boas Papers (Mss.B.B61)
Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Miami includes: Myaamiaki
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English
Date:circa 1951-1953
Contributor:Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923-2015
Subject:Land tenure | Land claims | United States. Indian Claims Commission | Anthropology | Ohio--History | Government relations | Politics and government
Type:Text
Genre:Legal documents | Notes | Essays | Correspondence | Reports
Extent:17 folders; 3 boxes
Description: The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers are a vast collection of materials relating to Wallace's work at the intersection of anthropology, psychology, and history. Though further research might yield more results, approximately 20 items directly pertaining to the peoples Wallace called the "Ohio tribes" have been identified. Most of the materials are are located in Series IX. Indian Claims, and relate to Wallace's work as a researcher and expert witness on behalf of Native American land claims. They include copies of and extracts from primary and secondary sources, research notes, tribal histories, court dockets, trial memoranda, and correspondence. There are also research notecards with notes from primary and secondary sources in Series III. Notecards. Series IV. Works by Wallace, A. Professional contains Wallace's Ohio Indians and Haudenosaunee claims reports to lawyers detailing Haudenosaunee, Shawnee, Delaware, Wyandot, Odawa, Miami, and Illinois occupation of Ohio from 1649-1794. In the same series, B. Creative Writing contains a draft of what Wallace called his "Ohio Novel," a fictionalized account of the murder of John Armstrong, Woodworth Arnold, and James Smith by Delawares in 1744 and subsequent events through the Seven Years' War. However, most of the Ohio items pertain to claims to Ohio lands by the Delaware, Shawnee, and Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), and there is overlap with the entries for each of those groups. See the finding aid for a detailed discussion of Wallace's long and varied career, and for an itemized list of the collection's contents.
Collection:Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.64a)
Culture:
Omushkego includes: Cree, Swampy, Mushkegowuk, Omushkigowack
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Naskapi includes: ᓇᔅᑲᐱ, Iyiyiw, Skoffie
Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Language:English | Naskapi | Cree, Plains | Cree, Swampy | Cree, Woods | Oji-Cree (ᐊᓂᔑᓂᓂᒧᐏᐣ) | Ojibwa, Western
Date:1970s
Contributor:Kendall, Daythal | Voorhis, Paul H. | Merriam, Kathryn Lavely | Whitehawk, Madeleine | Lamirande, Ernie | Wood, Elizabeth | Courchene, Rick | Jaurdain, Mary
Type:Text | Sound recording
Genre:Correspondence | Vocabularies | Stories
Extent:1.5 linear feet; audio
Description: After finishing his PhD, Daythal Kendall accepting a position at Brandon University, Manitoba to teach local varieties of Cree and Ojibwe, as a temporary replacement for Paul Voorhis. He therefore possessed a large number of Paul Voorhis' Cree publications (Series 5), and during this time produced a large volume of lessons to teach Canadian Aboriginal syllabics. These are in various forms in Series 3, including students' exercises. There is also correspondence relating to this period with Paul Voorhis and Katherine Merriam, as well as a separate conversation relating to American Philosophical Society materials (Series 1). Series 11 contains numerous audio recordings in several Ojibwe and Cree languages, including stories (some unidentified) and langauge exercises.
Collection:Daythal L. Kendall Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.148)