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Culture:
Wyandot includes: Huron, Wendat, Wyandotte, Huron-Wyandot
Tsimshian includes: Ts'msyan, Ts'msyen, Zimshian
Wabanaki includes: Wabenaki, Wobanaki
Seminole includes: Yat'siminoli
Seneca includes: Onöndowága
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Otoe includes: Oto, Jiwére
Odawa includes: Ottawa
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Potawatomi includes: Pottawotomi, Neshnabé, Bodéwadmi
Quapaw includes: Arkansas, Ugahxpa
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Oneida includes: Onyota'a:ka
Mandan includes: Nueta
Menominee includes: Menomini, Mamaceqtaw
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Kaw includes: Kansa, Kanza
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika
Lenape includes: Lenni-Lenape, Delaware
Iñupiat includes: Инупиаты, Iñupiaq
Iowa includes: Ioway, Báxoje, Bah-Kho-Je
Isleta includes: Tiwa
Haudenosaunee includes: Iroquois, Onkwehonwe
Ho-Chunk includes: Winnebago, Hoocąk
Catawba includes: Iswa
Cayuga includes: Gayogohó:no
Choctaw includes: Chahta
Comanche includes: Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Anishinaabe includes: Anishinaabeg, Anishinabe, Nishnaabe, Anishinabek
Apache includes: Inde
Apache, Western includes: Apache, San Carlos
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Language:English
Date:1939-1943
Contributor:Haskell Institute | Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950 | Giger, Leona E. | Rolland, Ann | Laulin, Reginald | Laulin, Gladys
Subject:Boarding schools | Cultural assimilation | Education | Hampton Institute | Haskell Institute
Type:Text | Still Image
Genre:Rosters | Correspondence | Photographs | Lantern slides
Extent:0.25 linear feet
Description: There are a few items in the Frank G. Speck Papers currently identified as relating to Indian boarding schools. In the collection guide, under Subcollection 1, Series 1, in Section XIII, "Miscellaneous," see item XIII(22H), "Haskell Institute Roster." This document lists Native students at the Haskell Institute boarding school in 1939-1940, giving name, age, address, and tribe. (The tribes of the students included are listed above at the top of this entry.) In Section IV, "Southeast," see item IV(15H3), "Yuchi miscellaneous notes," which contains a letter from Ann Rolland (Haskell Institute), to Speck, April 6, 1941, as well as items under "C. Houma (Louisiana)" that relate to mission schools. In Subcollection I, Series II, Biographical Material, see letters (listed alphabetically by author) from Leona E. Giger and Ann Rolland, both students at Haskell in the early 1940s. Also see letter from "Redge" and Gladys Laulin regarding Chippewa boy returning home for dances. In Series III, Photographs, there is an undated photograph [#10-14(a)] from the Shingwauk Indian Residential School. See also school-related photos in folders "Creek #3," "Eskimo [Inuit] (Labrador) #4," "Houma #1," #2, #7, and #8, "Pamunkey #6," and "Penobscot: People #2." In Series IV, Lantern Slides, there are slides of Native and Black students at the Hampton Institute. More boarding school-related material may be identified in the collection with further research.
Collection:Frank G. Speck Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.126)
Culture:
Yupik, Siberian includes: Yupighyt, Юиты, Eskimo (pej.)
Yukaghir includes: юкаги́ры, одул, деткиль
Sakha includes: Саха, Yakuts
Koryak includes: Коряки, нымыланы, чавчувены, алюторцы
Evenki includes: Эвэнкил
Itelmen includes: Итәнмән, Ительмены
Chukchi includes: Chukchee, Чукчи, ԓыгъоравэтԓьат
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Date:undated; 1905-1928
Subject:Ethnography | Linguistics | Kinship | Education | Russia--History | Alaska--History
Type:Text
Genre:Autobiographies | Vocabularies | Notebooks | Catalogs | Stories
Extent:3 notebooks; 64 pages; over 2000 index cards
Description: The Chukchi materials in the ACLS collection consist of 10 items. These materials relate to the Northern Siberian section of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition of 1897-1902, and appear to be mostly or entirely secondary sources. Some of what Waldemar Bogoras described as "Chukchee" is in fact the Itelmen language, so it is likely the case that some of the Chukchi materials here are actually Itelmen. The majority of the Chukchi materials are in the "Non-American and non-linguistic material" section. Waldemar Jochelson's "My Life" (item 8) includes a Chukchi autobiographical story with ethnographic notes and some Chukchi language. Items ASCh.1, ASCh.2 and ASCh.3 ("Chukchi and Lakota notebook", "Chukchi word list" and "Chukchi word lists and texts") are three notebooks by Franz Boas, derived from work by Waldemar Bogoras, including some lexica and interlinear texts. Item ASCh.4 "Chukchi Lexicon" is around 2000 index cards written by Waldemar Bogoras. "The Study of Paleoasiatic and Tunguse languages in the USSR for the last ten years (1918-1928)" (item ASPa.1) summarises work on various Indigenous languages of the USSR, including descriptions of education programs at the Great Eastern Institute of Leningrad, Leningrad University, and the Khabarovsk Committee. "Catalogue of phonograph records from the Jesup North Pacific Expedition" (item ASPa.2) describes phonograph recordings obtained by Waldemar Jochelson and Waldemar Bogoras in various locations in Chukotka, Kamchatka and along the Kolyma River. In the "Eskimo (Inuit and Iñupiat)" section, Boas' "Comparative word list of Alaskan Eskimo [Iñupiat], Siberian Eskimo [Yupik], and Chukchee" (item E1.1) consists of a 1200-word comparative vocabulary that includes Chukchi. Finally, in the "Kutenai" section, Boas' "Kutenai lexicon" includes "a few" Chukchi word slips, according to Morris Swadesh.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Date:1838-1938 (bulk 1930s)
Contributor:Deloria, Ella Cara | Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Burlin, Natalie Curtis, 1875-1921 | Bushotter, George, 1860-1892 | Densmore, Frances, 1867-1957 | Dorsey, James Owen, 1848-1895 | Herzog, George, 1901-1983 | Pond, Gideon H. (Gideon Hollister), 1810-1878 | Pond, Samuel W. (Samuel William), 1808-1891 | Riggs, Stephen Return, 1812-1883 | Walker, Luke C. | Tiger, Annie | Deloria, Vine, Sr., 1901-1990 | Schmidt, George | Standing Bull | Heḣákawį (Mrs. Andrew Knife) | Rabbit, White, Mrs. | Vlandry, Emma | White Face, Mrs. | Long Wolf | Fire Thunder, Angelique | Fire Thunder, Edgar | Ten Fingers, Asa | Eagle, Johnson | Robertson, W. M. | Bad Wound, Robert | Bissonette, Fred | Station, Philip | Day, David | LastHorse, Joe | Sword, George | Amos | Frazier, Joseph | Paints-Yellow, Joseph | Standing Holy | Old Bull | Ghost Bear | Robinson, Philip | Matthews, G. Hubert | Seytter, Emil
Subject:Education | Ethnography | Games | Hunting | Humor | Linguistics | Minnesota--History | Missions | Music | North Dakota--History | Personal names | Politics and government | Religion | Social life and customs | South Dakota--History | Warfare
Type:Text
Genre:Autobiographies | Calendars | Censuses | Correspondence | Dictionaries | Drawings | Speeches | Stories | Vocabularies
Extent:7500+ pages, 3300+ slips; 2 notebooks
Description: The Dakota and Lakota materials in the ACLS collection consist of a very large and diverse set of materials, and are located in the "Dakota" section of the finding aid, which provides a detailed listing of all contents. The vast majority of these materials were composed and assembled by Ella Deloria during the 1930s, both recorded from contemporary speakers and from various historical manuscript sources, which were sent to Franz Boas. The bulk of Deloria's materials are stories and speeches in typewritten manuscript form, with a transcription in the original language, followed by a literal word-for-word translation, then a free translation in English, and a section of footnotes commenting upon the original text and translation decisions. Some of her manuscripts occasionally lack one or more of these sections. These texts cover a wide range of topics, from traditional narratives, historical accounts, autobiographical stories, descriptions of games, customs, ceremonies, etc., and speeches, often concerning political affairs and economic conditions from the late-19th century to the 1930s. Names of numerous speakers are also given in the manuscripts themselves. Some of these materials were published, but most were not. Note that Deloria identifies the language recorded by using the terms "Teton" for Lakota language, and "Santee" and "Yankton" to indicate Eastern and Western dialects of Dakota language. The collection also includes a much smaller amount of material by Boas and others, primarily consisting of linguistics notes and musical analysis. A full list of places where the material was recorded has not yet been assembled.
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Date:circa 1930s
Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Deloria, Ella Cara
Subject:Economic conditions | Folklore | Linguistics | North Dakota--History | South Dakota--History
Type:Text
Genre:Grammars | Stories | Vocabularies
Extent:8 folders
Description: The Dakota and Lakota materials in the Franz Boas Professional Papers consist of 8 items in Series III. Research materials & notebooks. Six of these items are listed under "Boas, Franz--Dakota" and pertain to various linguistic features, including an incomplete glossary. See also "The story of the beginning as told in the Wakan Wacipi of Dakota" (author unidentified) and "Deloria, Ella - Report for Dr. Boas, re: Capitalism and the Dakota-Sioux."
Collection:Franz Boas Personal and Professional Papers (Mss.B.B61p)
Date:1930s
Contributor:Haas, Mary R. (Mary Rosamond), 1910-1996 | Crazy Bull, Chief
Subject:Linguistics | Folklore
Type:Text
Genre:Vocabularies | Stories | Field notes | Notebooks
Extent:4 folders
Description: Haas' Lakota file consists of two short lexica and several interlinear texts recorded with Chief Crazy Bull of the Hunkpapa Lakota. In addition to being presented in the dedicated subseries in Series 2, it also forms part of a field notebook on various languages from the 1930s in Subseries ‘Multiple Languages'. Wahpeton and Shahiyina Sioux are also represented here, alongside a Siouan family tree. A Dakota Sioux lexicon is also found in the same subseries.
Collection:Mary R. Haas Papers (Mss.Ms.Coll.94)
Culture:
Date:1966-1970, 1976, 1992-1995, 2012-2015
Contributor:Green, Adriana Greci | Harbeck, Warren A. | Kilroe, Patricia | Merrill, William Lewis | Pollak, Margaret | Potts, Steve | Powers, William K. | Price, Catherine | Sistrunk, Sara A. | Wagoner, Paula L. | Znamenski, Andrei A.
Subject:Clothing and dress | Botany | Government relations | Health | Linguistics | Medicine | Music | North Dakota--History | Politics and government | South Dakota--History
Type:Moving Image | Text | Still Image
Genre:Elicitation sessions | Essays | Interviews | Reports | Songs | Stories | Vocabularies
Extent:863 pages; 64 slides
Description: The Lakota materials in the Phillips Fund collection consist of 14 items. Materials in this collection are listed alphabetically by last name of author. See materials listed under Green, Harbeck, Kilroe, Merrill, Pollak, Potts, Powers, Price, Sistrunk, Wagoner, and Znamenski.
Collection:Phillips Fund for Native American Research Collection (Mss.497.3.Am4)
Language:English | Lakota | Omaha-Ponca
Date:1928-1930
Contributor:Boas, Franz, 1858-1942 | Hahn, Frida | La Flesche, Francis, 1857-1932
Subject:Folklore | Kinship | Linguistics
Type:Text
Genre:Correspondence | Grammars | Notes | Vocabularies | Stories
Extent:344 pages, approx. 1,600 cards and slips
Description: The Omaha and Ponda materials in the ACLS collection consist primarily of four items located in the "Omaha" section of the finding aid. The earliest materials (items X7a.2 and X7a.3) are texts and grammatical notes recorded by Francis La Flesche, including texts with literal and free translations, and terms of relationship among the Omahas. Also includes correspondence with Franz Boas. The materials by Boas, which were based on prior sources, including La Flesche, consist of a word list comparing Omaha to Lakota (item X.2), and a lexicon of approximately 1600 word slips (iem X7a.1). In the "Iowa" section of the finding aid, Frida Hahn's manuscript grammar, "The Ponca Language," is found among Gordon Marsh's Iowa materials (parts #8-9 of item X4a.2).
Collection:ACLS Collection (American Council of Learned Societies Committee on Native American Languages, American Philosophical Society) (Mss.497.3.B63c)
Culture:
Wishram includes: Wasco-Wishram
Walla Walla includes: Waluulapam, Natítayt
Séliš includes: Salish, Flathead
Shoshone includes: Shoshoni, Newe
Sahaptin includes: Shahaptin
Pawnee includes: Chaticks si Chaticks, Chatiks si Chatiks
Osage includes: 𐓁𐒻 𐓂𐒼𐒰𐓇𐒼𐒰͘
Omaha includes: Umoⁿhoⁿ
Ojibwe includes: Ojibwa, Chippewa, Ojibway
Meskwaki includes: Mesquakie, Musquakie, Sac, Sauk, Fox, Sac-and-Fox
Nez Perce includes: Niimíipu
Mandan includes: Nueta
Kickapoo includes: Kikapú, Kiikaapoa
Kiowa includes: Ka'igwu
Hidatsa includes: Hiratsa, Hiraacá, Gros Ventre, Minnetaree
Crow includes: Apsáalooke, Absaroka
Dakota includes: Dakȟóta
Cree includes: Nēhiyaw, Cri
Assiniboine includes: Assiniboin, Nakoda, Hohe, Nakota
Blackfoot includes: Niitsítapi, Blackfeet
Arapaho includes: Arapahoe
Arikara includes: Sahnish, Arikaree, Hundi
Aaniiih includes: A'aninin, Atsina, Gros Ventre
Language:English
Date:1804-1806
Contributor:Lewis, Meriwether, 1774-1809 | Clark, William, 1770-1838 | Vaughn, John, 1756-1841 | Mackay, James, 1761-1822 | Hay, John | Evans, John
Subject:Expeditions | Place names | Geography | Botany | Tobacco | Trade | Agriculture | Population | Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)
Type:Text
Genre:Journals | Notes | Correspondence
Extent:6 red morocco book; 80 pages; 3 notebooks; 1 volume;
Description: The Plains materials in the Lewis and Clark journals includes observations on the Arikaras, Assiniboines, Blackfoot, Mandan, Minnetaree, Shoshoni, Blackfoot, Flathead-Tushepaw, Dakota Sioux, Mandan, and Minnetaree, Otos, Sauks, Iowa, Kansas, Kickapoo, Missouri, Omaha, Osage, Pawnees, Ponca, Sioux, Cheyenne (Arapaho), Arikara, Blackfoot, Crow, Kansas, Kiowa, Sioux, Yankton, Memacarjo, Teton, Waupatone, Cascarba, Sisseton, Waupacootar, Hoindeborto, Tecarton, Newastarton, Micacuopsiba, and Siouan, Minnetaree (Gros Ventre), Shoshoni, Assiniboine, Teton Sioux, Mandan, Hidatsa, Showhoni, Arikara, Castahan, Crow, Flathead (Tushepaw), Ootlashoot. The correspondence includes Two letters of Lewis to Jefferson at conclusion of expedition. Replies to questions 6, 7, and 8 concerning Place names and measurement of time and distance; Indian songs. Probably an enclosure in Clark to Biddle, December 7, 1810, printed in Jackson (1962m): 562-564. For Biddle queries see Jackson (1962): 550-554. Mentions Snake, Shoshoni, Castahana, Nemison, Crow or Arpsarrozah, Maw or Pashapalorah. Refers to Indians of Missouri River only: Kanzes, Oto, Missouri, Ponca, Panias (Loups, Republicans), Mahars, Ricares, Mandan, Minetares, Maharha, Ayhawies, Saukes and Reynards, Assiniboine, Christinoes, Cheyenne, Cannarwesh. Mentions Snake Indians. 24 tribes are listed with population, trade, language, and character information included in parallel columns: Osage, Kansas, Otto, Panias, Mahas, Poncaro, Ricaras, Mandans, Ahwahhawa, Minnetaree, Iowa, Saukie; Sioux (Wahparton, Mindawarcarton, Wahpacta, Sissatoni, Yankton, Yankton ah nah, Teton, Teton O Kandandas, Teton Minzarkine, Teton sah one.) Indian tribes mentioned: Cataka, Castahana, Anauawa, Mahar, Sharah-Cheyenne, Ricares, Panias (Loups, Republicans), Padoucas, Cayauwas, Wetapato, Cannavich, Stateton. Mentions Arikara, Gros Ventres, Mandan, Marhaha, Minnetaree, Sioux, and Teton in diary.Arikara (Beuffles de Medecine lodge), Aunahhow or Aunerhoo, Nootarwau, Toowarsar, Tohpahcass, Weheskeu, Wetersoon, (Hidatsa), Arapaho, Assiniboine, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Crow, Fox, Paduca, Pawnee, Sioux (Sisseton, Teton), Mandan, Minnetaree (Gros Ventre), Shoshoni. Includes list of nations who trade with Arikaras: Aunerhoo, Nootarwau, Toowarsar, Tohpahcass, Weheeskeu-chien, Kunnanarwesh (Arapaho), Tochewahcoo (Fox), Cattarkah (Paducar), Kiewah, Sharhachien. Discusses Arikara, Cheyenne, Comanche, Crow, Kansas, Kickapoo, Mandan, Minnetaree, Omaha, Osage, Dakota, and Teton and Yankton Sioux. Includes list of Crow bands: Shiptahcha, Apsharookee (Absaroka). Also Ecupscuppeah (Tushepaw band) together with locations. Draft list of Western Indians and their locations in Summary of Rivers (Codex N:128-142): Chillatehokle, Potoash, Queets (Quaitson), Pailish, Chiltz, Clamoitomicks, Quinechart, Kilamox. Tribes noted: Ahaharopinopah (Crow band), Alabama, Atacapa, Biloxi, Blood, Cadoquies, Cahokia, Castapanas, Cataka (Haka, Catteka), Cattanahaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, Choketartowomb, Conchates, Creek, Dotames (Dotama, a Paduca group), Ehartsar (Crow band), Esahatenketarpar (Teton Sioux), Hahahartone (Yankton Sioux), Honetaparteen (Yankton, also Honetaparteenwas), Kaskaskia, Keenkesah (Mindawarcarton Sioux), Lalplay (group of Alitan-Snake), Mahtahton (Sioux), Manetopar (Assiniboine-Band lar Gru), Menesharne (Teton Sioux), Miahkeejocksah (Wahpocoota Sioux), Nacota Mahtopanarto (Assiniboine) and Nacota Oseegah, Natchez (Chitemacha), Nemousin (see also Kiowa, Staeton), Noota (Crow band), Otaharton (Wahpatone Sioux), Ozash (Teton Sioux), Pareescar (Crow), Peoria Sahonehontaparpar (Teton Sioux), Sahown (Teton Sioux), Sheo (Teton Sioux), Sosobubar and Sosona (Shoshoni tribe), Tackchandessechar (Sioux-Teton), Tarcoimboto (Yankton Sioux), Tarcoehparh (Teton), Tintahton (Mindawarcarton Sioux), Touincas, Wauneewackataonelar (Teton), Warchinktarhe (Teton), Wetapahatoes and Kiowa (branch of Padouca?), Zaartar (Yankton).Ethnographic materials include a list of natural history specimens sent on November 16, 1805, to the American Philosophical Society by Captain Lewis. 2 pages, copy of Lewis to Jefferson, March 5, 1805, Fort Mandan. Answers written at Fort Mandan to queries concerning Indian land ownership, trade, cultivation, mode of life, mode of taking game, mode of warfare, origins, burial customs, houses, superstitions, modes of punishment, trade, treatment of whites. Data arranged in tabular form with diary observations arranged in one column, 28 pages. Ledger entries comment on plants, giving Kickapoo and Chippewa plant names; 10 pages dated 1800. Ancient fortification on BonHomme Island, the original draft of which is to be found on reverse of Clark's estimate of the western Indians. Mentions Salteaux, Sioux, Mandan, Assiniboine, Oto, Maha, Ponca, Shivitans, Crows, Caneenawees, Shayehn. Printed, Quaife (1916a). See also Jackson (1962): 155-156 for further data. A list of the names of the different nations and tribes of Indians...expressive of the names, languages, numbers, trade, water courses. A large chart listing 72 tribes with parallel columns giving various data. On reverse side only tribes 1-52 are considered, as remainder are Louisiana tribes rather than Missouri and Rocky Mountain Indians. A draft of the "Statistical Estimate..." printed as part of Thomas Jefferson, Message of the President...(February 17, 1806): 9-47. Geographic materials include An account of location of tributaries of the Missouri above Fort Mandan prepared in 1805. This draft appears to antedate the fuller statement in Codex O: 117-128, and supplements the "Summary Statement of the Rivers and Creeks." A lengthy description and list of distances of tributaries of the Missouri from St. Charles to Fort Mandan; an earlier version of the formal statement in Codex O: 69-116 by Lewis. Early draft of Summary Statement of Rivers..."A Summary View of the Rivers and Creeks," pages 69-128; mentions old villages of Missouri and Kansas; recommends trading posts for Oto, Missouri, Poncaras, Panies (Proper, Republican, and Loups), Mahas, Yankton Ahnahs. Mentions Yankton, Sisseton, and Teton Sioux as well as Minnetarees, Mandans, and Ahwahharwas. Pages 116-128 based on Indian information; mentions Flatheads. Probably composed at Fort Mandan, 1804-1805. A translation extracted from journal of James MacKay describing trade route through Lake Superior to the Grand Portage; recording stay with Mandans, Manitouris, and Wattassons in 1797. Includes extract of journal of John Evans, 1796, who visited the Arikaras. Notes by John Hay and his "Description of the route from Mackinac to the Grand Portage," etc., taken by him in 1794.
Collection:Lewis and Clark Journals (Mss.917.3.L58)
Culture:
Zuni includes: A:shiwi
San Felipe includes: Katishtya, Keres
Laguna includes: Kʾáwáigamʾé, Keres, Kawaika
Language:English
Date:1879-1881
Subject:United States Indian School (Carlisle, Pa.) | Pennsylvania--History | Education | Boarding schools | Clothing and dress | Society of Friends
Type:Still Image | Text
Genre:Photographs
Extent:0.25 linear feet, 27 photographs
Description: J. N. Choate was a local commercial photographer in Carlisle, Pennsylvania who advertised "Photographs of all the Indian Chiefs that have visited the Indian Training School at Carlisle Barracks, also of children in native and school costumes." Choate intended his images to document the benefits of civilization wrought by the Carlisle Indian School (founded 1879, closed 1918) on Native American students. His images include "before and after" shots of students in native dress (before) and school uniforms (after), the school band, students at work in the saddle shop and making shoes, etc. Choate also took a number of photographs of visiting Native leaders in traditional dress, including the Lakota chief Spotted Tail, and the Cheyennes Man on Cloud and Mad Wolf. One photograph depicts Carlisle School founder Richard Henry Pratt seated with Quaker supporters. Among the peoples represented are the Lakota, Laguna, Cheyenne, Creek, Lipan Apache, San Felipe Pueblo, Ute, and Zuni. The photographs in this collection are mounted on standard stock, and include 19 cabinet cards and 8 boudoir cards. Although some of the photographs are titled by hand and signed by Choate, most have printed backmarks with a few including lists of other available images and advertising pitches. These particular specimens were collected by anthropologist Frank Speck. See the finding aid for an itemized list. These images have also been digitized and are available online through the APS Digital Library.
Collection:Speck-Choate Photograph Collection (Mss.B.Sp3c)